Hydrogen Energy Research

► R1. PROD: Alkaline / AEM / PEM Electrolysis (20)

	1.1. 27 Aug 2025, Elsevier Electrochimica Acta, Multiphysics simulations of alkaline water electrolyzer cells — A sensitivity study on the effect of two-phase flow modelingm, "We aim to give an estimate on the sensitivity of the predicted alkaline electrolyzer cell performance to various physical sub-models in a multiphysics computational fluid dynamics simulation. We particularly focus on the closure models accounting for the two-phase phenomena, namely bubble coverage, interfacial mass transfer coefficient as well as bubble drift and dispersion."
	1.2. 27 Aug 2025, Wiley Advanced Materials, The effect of copolymerization on the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution properties of polyaniline in acidic medium, "Here we explore the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) properties of polyaniline homopolymer and copolymers synthesized via the chemical polymerization route. The as-prepared polyaniline (PANI) homopolymer, poly (aniline-co-3-aminobenzoic acid) P(ANI-co-ABA), poly (aniline-co-triphenylaniline) (P(ANI-co-TPA) and poly (aniline-co-3-nitroaniline) P(ANI-co-3NI) were characterized and interrogated using several analytical techniques."
	1.3. 25 Aug 2025, Cell iScience, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in High-Entropy MXenes: Insights into Atomic Configurations, "In this study, HE variants of M2C(-T)2 MXenes with different surface terminations were evaluated for hydrogen evolution reaction using density functional theory and crystal orbital Hamilton population analysis. Substituting Ti with other transition metals improved H* adsorption and diffusion. Mo atoms showed short-range ordering, with strong Mo–Mo interactions forming preferred H* diffusion pathways."
	1.4. 25 Aug 2025, ACS Omega, Ni-NiO Heterojunction: A Binder-Free Catalyst for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction, "The discovery of efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting, including the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction is vital for developing clean and sustainable energy alternatives. Mainly, OER electrocatalysts present more complexities, as generating a single oxygen molecule requires transferring four electrons and removing four protons from water."
	1.5. 25 Aug 2025, Elsevier Sustainable Chemistry for Climate Action, Advancements in hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions using transition metal phosphates electrodes for electrocatalytic water splitting, "The present review offers insights into EWS and recent advancements in the transition metal phosphate (TMP) materials. It emphasizes the current performance of these materials in EWS, identifies challenges, and provides recommendations to address these challenges for a brighter and greener future."
	1.6. 20 Aug 2025, ACS JACS Au, Dynamic Single-Atom Catalysts on Gallium To Overcome the Scaling Relationship Limit: AIMD Screening for CO2 Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions, "We use liquid Ga metal for the CO2RR and HER through high-throughput computational screening over 39 different elements containing s-, p-, d-, and f-block elements. We discovered that Re-, Pt-, Pd-, Rh-, Ir-, Au-, Ag-, Ru-, Tc-, Ni-, Cu-, Os-, Hg-, and Ge-SAC@Ga possess thermodynamic and electrochemical stabilities and are appropriate for HER."
	1.7. 18 Aug 2025, Elsevier Materials Today Sustainability, Synergistic optimization of RuNi alloy thin films via aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition for efficient hydrogen evolution in acidic media, "We demonstrate that RuNi alloy thin films fabricated through a simple aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition process show great promise for HER under acidic conditions. The alloy catalyst, designed with an optimized 1:1 elemental composition, exhibits a granular morphology and facilitates strong synergistic electronic interactions between Ru and Ni."
	1.8. 16 Aug 2025, Elsevier Fundamental Research, Mechanism-Directed Design and Synthesis of a Dinuclear Copper Porphyrin for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, "Herein we report on a dinuclear Cu porphyrin for HER. We recently identified an intermolecular electron transfer mechanism in the HER with Cu porphyrins. We consider realizing intramolecular electron transfer between Cu porphyrins to improve HER."
	1.9. 15 Aug 2025, Nature Communications, Tunnel-structured IrOx unlocks catalytic efficiency in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers, "Here we find that iridium oxide catalysts with a specific tunnel-type crystal structure exhibit highly localized reactivity, where regions at tunnel mouths drive oxygen evolution far more efficiently than tunnel-wall regions. The intrinsic activity of tunnel mouths is 25-fold higher than that of tunnel walls, with shorter nanorods achieving a better balance between active site exposure and electron/mass transport efficiency."
	1.10. 15 Aug 2025, ACS Energy & Fuels, Combinatorial Use of Reference Electrodes and DRT for Disentangling AEM Electrolyzer Losses, "This analysis underscored the importance of verifying the material composition of the commercial materials. Most importantly, we show that a complete decoupling of overpotentials related to ohmic, kinetic, and mass transport is possible in an AEMWE by utilizing a novel dual reference electrode system together with DRT interpretation."
	1.11. 14 Aug 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Hierarchical graphene nanowalls/Ti, Mo-MXene nano compounds for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, "In this study, hybrid Ti3C2Tx and Mo3C2Tx MXene nanosheets integrated with graphene nanowalls were synthesized using chemical vapor deposition and thoroughly characterized for their electrocatalytic performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, were employed to evaluate the structure, surface chemistry, and morphology of the composites."
	1.12. 13 Aug 2025, ACS Applied Nano Materials, First-Principles Study of Metal–Biphenylene Nanoscale Interfaces: Structural, Electronic, and Catalytic Properties, "In this work, we employ first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate these properties for BPN supported on (111) surfaces of Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Al, and the Cu3Au alloy. Our results show that the interaction strength between BPN and the substrate governs its stability, corrugation, electronic hybridization, and interfacial charge transfer."
	1.13. 11 Aug 2025, Elsevier Applied Surface Science, Application of urea-based deep eutectic solvent for electrodeposition of copper selenide (Cu2−xSe/CuSe) electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic medium, "This work presents a simple method for copper selenide electrodeposition on carbon substrate using electrolyte based on a ‘reline’ deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride + urea). A detailed adjustment of the electrodeposition process is presented, including solvent selection, effects of applied potential, duration, and annealing conditions."
	1.14. 07 Aug 2025, ACS Omega, The Role of Pt3/TiO2(h K l) Interface in Hydrogen and Water Splitting: A DFT Perspective on Reactivity and Limitations, "Here we analyzed the behavior of Pt3/TiO2(h k l) interfaces and investigated the influence of the Pt3 cluster phase and TiO2 surface on their structural and electronic properties. Structural analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, while electronic properties were investigated via density functional theory/plane wave calculations. This study provides novel insights into hydrogen and water splitting on the Pt3/TiO2 interface."
	1.15. 07 Aug 2025, ACS Inorganic Chemistry, Universal Reversible Hydrogen Potential for Electrocatalytic Ammonia Splitting Reactions in Nonaqueous Solvents from Unified pH Measurements, "Here we introduce a new approach of using differential potentiometric measurements in four nonaqueous solvents─MeCN, THF, DMF, and PC─to determine the universal pHabsH2O values aligned to the aqueous pH scale for dilute NH4+/NH3 solutions. Knowledge of the pHabsH2O values allows simple determination of the reversible hydrogen potential in any given solvent relative to the aqueous standard hydrogen electrode and, most importantly, ensures comparability across different solvents."
	1.16. 06 Aug 2025, Nature Communications, Single-faceted IrO2 monolayer enabling high-performing proton exchange membrane water electrolysis beyond 10,000 h stability at 1.5 A cm-2, "This work proposes that ammonia-induced facet engineering of IrO2 monolayer enables facet-dependent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance and high stability in industrial-scale PEM electrolysis."
	1.17. 06 Aug 2025, ACS Applied Energy Materials, Hydrogen Evolution-Directed Electrodeposition of a Cobalt Selenide/Cobalt Oxide Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions, "Herein, a simple and cost-effective electrocatalyst was studied for both the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. The electrocatalyst consisted of an electrodeposited cobalt diselenide/cobalt oxide composite, which was fabricated from an aqueous solution containing cobalt and selenium salts on a glassy carbon substrate."
	1.18. 05 Aug 2025, Nature Scientific Reports, Innovative self-assembled silver nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide hydrogel nanocomposite for improved electrochemical hydrogen generation and sensing, "This work concentrated on the production of Ag@rGO-based hydrogel nanocomposites, including cellulose, using the free radical polymerisation technique. The resultant materials are assessed for their efficacy in high-performance electrochemical hydrogen gas sensors and catalytic applications in hydrogen generation."
	1.19. 04 Aug 2025, Nature Scientific Reports, Molybdenum carbide nanoparticles produced by pulsed laser ablation for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline conditions, "Here we demonstrate the production of Molybdenum Carbide NPs with the use of a nanosecond pulsed laser by the ablation of a Mo target immersed in Ethanol. The material produced as NPs dispersion was characterized in terms of morphology, compositional and structural properties."
	1.20. 04 Aug 2025, Springer Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering, Synergistic CuCo2O4/MWCNT nanocomposites: advanced electrode materials for energy storage and catalysis applications, "In present work, hydrothermal method was utilized to synthesize CuCo2O4 and its nanohybrid with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to investigate their electrochemical activity as potential electrode for supercapacitor applications. A comprehensive structural and electrochemical analysis of the CuCo2O4/MWCNT nanohybrid was performed."

► R2. PROD: Bio / Pyrolysis / Radiolysis / Solar (20)

	2.1. 27 Aug 2025, Wiley Advanced Materials, Anchoring Redox Mediator on COFs for Efficient Solar to Hydrogen Conversion, "Herein, an innovative Fe-coordinated 2D Z-scheme heterojunction composed of TpPa-1-COF (TP1C) and Bi2WO6 (BWO) is developed for efficient photocatalytic H2 production. Unlike traditional indirect Z-scheme heterojunctions, the Fe3+/Fe2+ mediator is firmly anchored on the skeleton of COFs, thus enhancing recyclability, charge migration and long-lasting stability, which is supported by extended X-ray absorption fine structure and a range of electrochemical tests."
	2.2. 26 Aug 2025, ACS Applied Energy Materials, Harnessing Visible Light: Unraveling the Photocatalytic Water Splitting Activity of Ir–TiO2, "In this study, a one-pot solvothermally synthesized iridium-decorated titanium dioxide (Ir–TiO2) exhibits enhanced photochemical properties for splitting water in visible light. By varying the amount of Ir precursors, Ir-doped TiO2 and IrO2 composites with TiO2 were formed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that Ir has localized d and f orbitals and that its oxide exhibits metallic character."
	2.3. 20 Aug 2025, Nature Communications, Activating silicon for high hydrogen conversion and sustainable anode recovery, "Experiments combined with DFT calculations have revealed that the obtained Zintl phase alloys exhibit discrete Si clusters containing well-defined unpaired electrons that efficiently facilitate the interaction between reductant and solvent molecules. Such an effect thereby reduces the activation barrier of H2O/CH3OH dissociation to yield active intermediates containing Si-H structure, which significantly promotes the hydrogen release with favorable kinetics and efficiency."
	2.4. 20 Aug 2025, Elsevier Applied Energy, e-REFORMER for sustainable hydrogen production: enhancing efficiency in the steam methane reforming process, "This study investigates the retrofit of an existing terrace-wall Steam Methane Reformer (SMR) in an ammonia plant by replacing fuel-fired burners with electric resistance heaters in the radiant section. The proposed e-REFORMER concept is applied to a real-world case producing hydrogen-rich syngas at 29,000 Nm3/h, with simulation and energy analysis performed using Aspen HYSYS®."
	2.5. 19 Aug 2025, Wiley Advanced Materials, Solar-Driven Atmospheric Water Production Through Hierarchically Ordered Porous Carbon for Self-Sustaining Green Hydrogen Production, "Here, a coupled self-sustaining solar-enabled system is reported that couples atmospheric water harvesting with PEM water electrolysis (AWH-PEMWE), offering a novel pathway for clean water generation and green hydrogen production. The atmospheric water harvester (AWH) component utilizes N and O co-doped hydrophilic ordered porous carbon, engineered with an interconnected hierarchical porous structure with prosperous channels for efficient mass transport."
	2.6. 17 Aug 2025, Springer Nature, Boosting green hydrogen generation using Zn-substituted CoFe2O4 catalysts prepared by sol-gel technique for water splitting applications, "Here we have developed a class of Zn substituted cobalt nanoferrites as a catalyst for producing the green and sustainable hydrogen energy. The cobalt nano catalysts are prepared through sol-gel auto-combustion (SA) method. A spinel phase is observed for the fabricated catalysts. Spherical shaped grains are found in the FESEM images of CoF1 and CoF3 catalysts."
	2.7. 16 Aug 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, A systematic review on hydrogen production via hydrochar-based gasification, "This systematic review explores hydrogen production through hydrochar-based gasification technologies, focusing on the unique properties of hydrochar derived from biomass. Known for its ability to enhance syngas production, especially hydrogen, hydrochar's porous structure, high surface area, and active catalytic sites significantly improve syngas quality and hydrogen yield."
	2.8. 13 Aug 2025, ACS Energy Letters, Sub-Bandgap Photon-to-Current Conversion in Bismuth Vanadate Photoanodes and Its Impact on the Maximum Photocurrent Density Achievable for Water Splitting, "Here we show that the maximum theoretical current density from BiVO4 can be as high as 12.2 mA/cm2, when assuming complete absorption and conversion of sunlight photons extending to the lowest photon energy for which we experimentally measured photocurrent generation promoted by sub-bandgap states."
	2.9. 13 Aug 2025, ACS Materials Au, Photoassisted Chemical Transformation of Cu2O Nanooctahedra into Cu2S Quantum-Dot Superstructures: Structural and Photoelectrochemical Properties, "Here we demonstrate that the controlled sulfidation of well-defined Cu2O nanooctahedra can be initiated by introducing a low amount of β-mercaptoethanol (BME), which is the closest sulfur-containing structural analogue of the stabilizing molecules (ethanol) of the colloidal particles."
	2.10. 12 Aug 2025, Elsevier Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy, Carbon-induced metal growth and size-dependent activity in methane splitting on nickel nanoparticle catalysts for COx-free hydrogen production, "Herein metal nanocrystal size effects are assessed on the methane splitting reaction rate with a series of model supported Ni catalysts. A maximum methane splitting rate is attained for Ni nanoparticles with a diameter of ~10 nm at the onset of the reaction. "
	2.11. 12 Aug 2025, Nature Scientific Reports, Quantum-inspired robust optimization for coordinated scheduling of PV-hydrogen microgrids under multi-dimensional uncertainties, "This paper aims to develop a novel quantum-inspired robust optimization framework for optimizing the operation of a PV-H2 microgrid, integrating photovoltaic generation, hydrogen electrolysis, hydrogen storage, and fuel cell dispatch. T"
	2.12. 11 Aug 2025, Springer Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering, Magnetic nanomaterial in enhancing water splitting for hydrogen generation: potentials, challenges and perspectives: a critical review, "This paper explores their unique properties, with a specific focus on magnetic nanomaterials for hydrogen generation through water splitting. As the global demand for clean and sustainable energy intensifies, hydrogen has been identified as a promising energy carrier due to its zero-emission profile and high energy density."
	2.13. 11 Aug 2025, MDPI, Comparative Techno-Environmental Assessment of Green Hydrogen Production via Steam Methane Reforming and Chemical Looping Reforming of Biomethane, "This comparative study aims to address these gaps by providing a side-by-side evaluation of SMR and CLR using biomethane as a common renewable feedstock. The analysis focuses on techno-environmental performance, process efficiency, utility requirements, and production cost, supported by detailed process modeling and system-level comparisons."
	2.14. 10 Aug 2025, ACS Applied Energy Materials, Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Activity via Visible-Light-Driven Ag/MoS2–x-Modified p-Type Si Micropyramid Cells with Optimized Band Alignment, "In this work, a micropyramid-textured p-Si substrate was coated with MoS2–x and Ag layers to construct an efficient photocathode for hydrogen generation under visible-light illumination. The micropyramid structure was employed to enhance light absorption by increasing surface scattering and trapping."
	2.15. 07 Aug 2025, Elsevier Journal of Energy Storage, Green hydrogen generation for mitigating the impact of curtailment in floating photovoltaic - pumped hydro energy storage (FPV-PHES) systems, "This study first examines the efficiency decline and LCOE rise for floating photovoltaics coupled with pumped hydro storage connected to grids with high curtailment levels. Findings confirm that performance degradation is mitigated by enhancing self-consumption."
	2.16. 06 Aug 2025, Elsevier Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, An advanced biomass gasifier-PCCI engine system for hydrogen production, power generation, and waste heat recovery: 4E analyses, "This study presents a groundbreaking biomass gasifier–PCCI engine system that combines waste heat recovery for simultaneous hydrogen and power generation. The system is assessed in terms of energy, exergy, exergoeconomics, environmental impact, and techno-economic performance."
	2.17. 03 Aug 2025, ACS Omega, Immobilization of Photocatalysts on Spider Silk-Based Membranes for Continuous Hydrogen Production, "Here, hybrid membranes have been developed based on electrospun meshes made of modified spider silk proteins and immobilized gold-modified TiO2-nanoparticles (Au@TiO2-NPs). These membranes showed photocatalytic activity and were capable of producing hydrogen."
	2.18. 31 Jul 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Exploring machine learning approaches for biohydrogen production through dark fermentation in wastewater, "Here recent studies employing ML techniques are systematically analyzed to evaluate their role in modeling and optimizing biohydrogen generation through dark fermentation. This review examines various ML models, including artificial neural networks, support vector machines, decision trees, and gradient boosting techniques, for their effectiveness in optimizing fermentation conditions."
	2.19. 30 Jul 2025, Nature Communications, Single junction CsPbBr3 solar cell coupled with electrolyzer for solar water splitting, "Here we demonstrate a single junction solar cell powered PV-EC SOW, with a modest ηSTH of 1.7% for confirmed H2/O2 gas evolution for 3 h of stability, even for monolithic cells working immersed in water. Technological difference between previously reported Halide perovskite light absorber-based solar water splitting (end product: hydrogen) was described."
	2.20. 27 Jul 2025, Elsevier Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification, Production of Hydrogen and H2/NH3 mixtures from Ammonia at Elevated Pressures in a Catalytic Membrane Reformer, "Here we demonstrate the direct production of high-pressure NH3/H2 fuel blends, including a 70:30 mixture representative of natural gas, without loss in CMR performance. These results highlight the potential of CMR technology to reduce hydrogen compression costs and enable on-demand generation of ammonia-derived fuel blends."

► R3. PROD: Geologic / Natural Hydrogen (20)

	3.1. 25 Aug 2025, ArXiv Cornell University, Core-mantle partitioning and the bulk Earth abundances of hydrogen and carbon: Implications for their origins, "Here we determined the metal/silicate partition coefficients of hydrogen and carbon, DH and DC, simultaneously under typical conditions of Earth's core formation. Experiments demonstrate that both DH and DC diminish in the presence of carbon and hydrogen, respectively, indicating their strong interactions in liquid metal."
	3.2. 13 Aug 2025, REV Exploration, REV Exploration Announces Closing Of Aden Dome Natural Hydrogen Acquisition, "VANCOUVER, British Columbia – REV Exploration Corp. is pleased to announce that, further to its previous news releases, the Company has received final approval from the TSX Venture Exchange and completed the acquisition of the Aden Dome Natural Hydrogen Project in Alberta."
	3.3. 18 Jul 2025, SCIENCE.ORG, Crustal faulting drives biological redox cycling in the deep subsurface, "Here, we present experimental evidence revealing the chemical reactions underpinning radical-induced water splitting in the presence of Fe relevant to the deep subsurface. We selected quartz as a model mineral because of its simple chemical composition and the fact that Si─O bonds readily generate radicals through homolysis."
	3.4. 16 Jul 2025, Primary H2, Primary Hydrogen Launches Phase 2 Hydrogen Sampling at Crooked Amphibolite, Coquihalla, and Cogburn Projects in British Columbia, "Part of a high-grade metamorphic complex, consisting of amphibolites derived from mafic volcanic rocks. These rocks have been heavily metamorphosed, and in association with ultramafic intrusions, there is potential for serpentinization processes to occur. The region is characterized by significant deformation, with deep-seated faults running through the area, which act as conduits for the migration of hydrogen from deeper-seated sources."
	3.5. 03 Jul 2025, Hyterra Ltd, Hyterra Ltd Achieves 96.1% Hydrogen Concentration in Kansas Discovery, "This discovery alert article provides an in depth analysis of our recent announcement of high concentrations of helium found in Blythe 13-20 and why helium is such an exciting discovery in this well. Drilled safely, on time and on budget, Blythe 13‑20 penetrated both sedimentary and Pre‑Cambrian layers, yielding important geological insights."
	3.6. 02 Jul 2025, ACS Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Superstructure-Based Optimization of Membrane Gas Separation Processes: A Review, "This review analyzes the superstructure-based optimization models for membrane gas separation systems reported in the literature. The review describes and analyzes the membrane permeation models embedded in the optimization models and solution approaches, the superstructures presented, the objective functions adopted, and outcomes for different application cases."
	3.7. 17 Jun 2025, ACS Omega, Geological Hydrogen Prospectivity of Iron Ore Deposits in India Based on Semiquantitative Analysis, "This study presents a semiquantitative approach to provisionally identify the target areas suitable for hydrogen-resource exploration based on prospectivity mapping with available data for India. The proposed approach uses ARCGIS software to generate distance classifications based on positive Bouguer gravity anomalies and the presence of fault systems and surface water bodies relative to identified iron ore deposit locations."
	3.8. 19 May 2025, University of Oxford, Scientists define the ingredients for finding natural clean hydrogen, "New research from the University of Oxford, in collaboration with Durham University and the University of Toronto, provides a solution. In the last billion years, enough hydrogen gas has been produced by the Earth’s continental crust to supply mankind’s energy needs for at least 170,000 years."
	3.9. 06 May 2025, New Scientist, A clean energy source may be lurking beneath mountain ranges, "Mountain ranges could be a potential source of clean energy in the form of as-yet untapped hydrogen. While previous research has suggested this “geologic” hydrogen could be found underground, researchers have only recently turned to mountains as a possible store."
	3.10. 21 Apr 2025, HyTerra Ltd, Andrew Forrest-backed hydrogen hopeful HyTerra starts US drilling, "Drilling at Nemaha is the culmination of extensive preparatory work including geophysical surveys and lease acquisition across a highly prospective region. Its now one of the most closely watched natural hydrogen locations in North America."
	3.11. 03 Apr 2025, Icarus, The source of hydrogen in earth's building blocks, "Here, we explore the amount of hydrogen in ECs as well as the phase that may carry this element using sulfur X-ray absorption near edge structure (S-XANES) spectroscopy. We find that hydrogen bonded to sulfur is prevalent throughout the meteorite, with fine matrix containing on average almost 10 times more Hsingle bondS than chondrule mesostasis."
	3.12. 31 Mar 2025, Primary H2, Primary Hydrogen Outlines Exploration Thesis for Dove Creek Project "Hydrogen Potential at Dove Creek: Proven Hydrogen Generation Mechanisms: The presence of uranium-rich basement rocks supports potential hydrogen and helium generation via radiolysis, with historical exploration confirming anomalous concentrations of both gases in the region."
	3.13. 21 Mar 2025, ACS Energy & Fuels, Hydrogen-Induced Transformations in Dolomite: Unlocking Natural Hydrogen Exploration and Subsurface Storage in Carbonates, "This study examined physicochemical changes in dolomitic samples during high-pressure hydrogen ageing experiments. Results revealed significant dolomite dissolution alongside ankerite precipitation, with porosity and permeability increasing by up to 17 and 20%, respectively."
	3.14. 25 Feb 2025, Fleet Space - Koloma, Fleet Space & Koloma Partner to Enhance Data-Driven Natural (Geologic) Hydrogen Exploration, "Fleet Space, Australia’s leading space exploration company, and Koloma, an industry leader in technology-enabled natural hydrogen exploration, today announced a partnership to accelerate exploration and development of natural hydrogen resources worldwide."
	3.15. 18 Feb 2025, Primary, Primary Unveils 2025 Exploration Plan to Advance Natural Hydrogen Discovery, "Phase 1: Remote Sensing Studies – Q1-2/2025, Using satellite imagery and airborne hyperspectral analysis, Primary will identify hydrogen anomalies which will help refine target selection and optimize field investigations."
	3.16. 17 Feb 2025, Journal of Energy Storage, Experimental approaches for characterization of water-hydrogen flow in reservoir rock, "This study investigates the water-hydrogen transport properties of homogeneous quartz-arenite Berea sandstone and heterogeneous Ironton/Galesville containing clay-rich bedding planes."
	3.17. 07 Feb 2025, RSC, Hydrogen energy futures – foraging or farming?, "As we transition towards a hydrogen-centric energy landscape, the amalgamation of geochemistry, advanced biology, and engineering emerges as a beacon, signalling a pathway towards a sustainable and transformative energy future."
	3.18. 23 Jan 2025, MIT, Why the next energy race is for underground hydrogen, "Hydrogen tends to build up in very different rocks from those that host oil and gas deposits. While fossil-fuel prospecting tends to focus on softer rocks, like organic-rich shale, hydrogen seems most plentiful in iron-rich rocks like olivine."
	3.19. 17 Jan 2025, Geoscience Australia, Soil gas surveys for hydrogen and helium in New South Wales, "This report summarises the results of field surveys looking for near-surface natural occurrences of hydrogen and helium (helium is used extensively today and extracted exclusively from natural gas) in eastern Australia near the township of Tumut in central New South Wales (NSW) and in western NSW, near the regional centres of Broken Hill, Menindee and Wentworth."
	3.20. 16 Jan 2025, USGS, USGS releases first ever map potential geologic hydrogen in US, "The map reveals areas of interest that have the potential to hold accumulations of geologic hydrogen, including a mid-continent region that covers Kansas, Iowa, Minnesota and Michigan, the Four Corners states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah, the California coast, and areas along the Eastern seaboard."

► R4. FUEL CELL: AEMFC / PEM / MCFC / SOFC (20)

	4.1. 27 Aug 2025, Elsevier Electrochimica Acta, Electrochemical assessment of contact pressure effects on durability of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells under dynamic operation, "This study examines the impact of nominal contact pressure on the electrochemical performance and degradation behaviour of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells with pre-doped polybenzimidazole membranes, focusing primarily on start-stop cycling durability. Three nominal contact pressures—0.30 MPa, 0.55 MPa, and 0.85 MPa—were applied during 70-cycle start-stop tests."
	4.2. 26 Aug 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Recent breakthroughs and future horizons in next-generation HT-PEMs for hydrogen fuel cell, "This review systematically addresses these challenges by examining the role of engineered nanomaterials in overcoming performance and stability limitations. The potential of nanomaterials to improve catalytic activity, proton conductivity, and thermal stability is discussed in detail, emphasizing their impact on the optimization of catalyst layer composition, including catalysts, binders, phosphoric acid electrolytes, and additives."
	4.3. 22 Aug 2025, ACS Energy & Fuels, Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Perovskite Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Review, "This review paper begins with brief introductory information about SOFCs, commonly used cathode materials, and the electrospinning technique. It then provides an in-depth examination of current advancements in utilizing electrospun perovskite nanofibers as cathodes for SOFCs, emphasizing how various nanofiber configurations influence cell performance."
	4.4. 18 Aug 2025, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Enhanced Proton Transport in Nb-Doped Rutile TiO2: A Highly Useful Class of Proton-Conducting Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductors, "Here we investigated hydrogen dissolution and proton transport in Nb-doped rutile TiO2 an oxide semiconductor. Ti0.96Nb0.04O2 dissolved hydrogen at 450 °C in a hydrogen atmosphere, incorporating 2.1 × 1020 cm–3 of protons to the semiconductor, which is 10–100 times higher than that in undoped TiO2. This resulted in a proton conductivity of 4 × 10–3 S cm–1 at 250 °C. Given its electronic conductivity of 2 S cm–1 at 250 °C, Ti0.96Nb0.04O2 has been identified as an excellent mixed protonic and electronic conductor."
	4.5. 15 Aug 2025, ACS RESEARCH ARTICLE, Anodic Performance of the Pt Catalyst Supported on CeO2 with a Scavenging Effect in a Wide Temperature Range up to 120 °C for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells, "A Pt nanoparticle-coated Pt mesh was used as the counter electrode. All potentials given in this study referred to that of the reversible hydrogen electrode. The electrolyte solution, 0.1 M HClO4, was prepared from reagent grade chemicals and ultrapure water."
	4.6. 04 Aug 2025, Nature Scientific Reports, High-performance hydrogen energy generation via innovative metal-organic framework catalysts and integrated system design, "This study aimed to develop platinum-doped nickel-iron metal-organic framework (Pt-NiFe-MOF) catalysts with controlled metal ratios and pore architecture for enhanced water electrolysis. The NiFe-MOF framework was first synthesized via a solvothermal method, which was then subjected to post-synthetic modification to introduce controlled platinum loadings (0.5-2.0 wt%)."
	4.7. 27 Jul 2025, Nature Scientific Reports, Optimizing base fluid composition for PEMFC cooling: A machine learning approach to balance thermal and rheological performance, "This study explores the application of Linear Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models for predicting thermal conductivity and viscosity using experimental datasets."
	4.8. 16 Jul 2025, Wiley Advanced Materials, Ultra-Fast Microwave-Assisted Volumetric Heating Engineered Defect-Free Ceria/Zirconia Bilayer Electrolytes for Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cells, "Here an innovative method reduced processing time by over 30-fold compared to convection sintering and achieved a record-low sintering temperature of 1200 °C. SOCs fabricated with these volumetric heating-engineered bilayer electrolytes demonstrated outstanding electrochemical performance, delivering a maximum power density of 2.43 W cm−2 at 700 °C in fuel cell mode and a current density of 3.16 A cm−2 at 750 °C in electrolysis mode, alongside excellent long-term durability."
	4.9. 14 Jul 2025, Nature Communications Materials, Water-soluble fullerene derivatives as radical scavengers for highly durable proton exchange membrane fuel cells, "Herein, we developed highly water-soluble and stable fullerene derivatives that can act as both radical scavengers and Ce anchors within a Nafion matrix. Phenolic (C6H4OH) or benzoic acid groups (C6H4COOH) and the hydroxy groups were introduced at the top and bottom of fullerene, respectively."
	4.10. 09 Jul 2025, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, Influence Mechanism of Cooling Time on the Shutdown Purge Process in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, "This study investigates the impact of cooling duration on the shutdown purge process through integrated water and thermal management in fuel cells. Using a comprehensive stack testing platform, experimental studies were conducted at a purge temperature of 338.15 K."
	4.11. 13 Jun 2025, ACS The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Durable Tape-Cast Trilayer La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ Electrolyte with Infiltrated Electrodes for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, "We demonstrate the fabrication of a trilayer La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3−δ electrolyte using an optimized tape casting method. The resulting structure consists of porous layers with a thickness of 55 μm and 55% porosity, a dense thickness of 20, and 55 μm thick LSGM support rings. The binder/plasticizer ratio is optimized to produce strong, defect-free green tapes, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to refine the sintering profile, enabling a well-structured LSGM pellet to be achieved through a single-step sintering process."
	4.12. 08 Jun 2025, IET Research, A Novel Approach to Flooding Fault Detection and Risk Assessment in PEM Fuel Cells Using Data-Driven Models, "This study identifies effective diagnostic techniques for detecting faults in PEMFCs. A data-driven approach leveraging machine learning methods is proposed to enhance the detection of flooding faults under varying operational conditions. . This approach enables the automatic extraction of fault-related features directly from raw data."
	4.13. 08 Jun 2025, Minerals Engineering, Mechanical pre-treatment of waste solid oxide cell (SOFC) stacks, "This study investigated robust pre-treatment processes, such as crushing and magnetic separation, on end-of-life planar high-temperature solid oxide cell stacks to separate larger steel components and sealing material from cell/electrode material. The characterization of produced fractions revealed that the process separated efficiently large steal particles, while electrode materials were enriched from the seal material."
	4.14. 27 May 2025, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Homogeneous nucleation and condensation characteristics of water vapor-hydrogen (H2O-H2) binary systems from molecular dynamics simulation, "Here the molecular dynamics was used to investigate the impact of various conditions on the condensation of saturated water vapor from a microscope perspective. It was found that the liquefaction ratio of H2O molecules increased from 72.33% to 83.10% as the initial pressure increased from 1 MPa to 1.5 MPa when the cooling temperature was fixed at 380 K, while it increased from 72.33% to 87.05% as the cooling temperature decreased from 380 K to 350 K when the initial pressure was fixed at 1 MPa."
	4.15. 23 May 2025, Chemical Engineering Science, Segmentation of PEM fuel cell catalyst layer via electrospray deposition, "This study developed a segmented catalyst layer with varying ionomer-to-carbon (I/C) ratios near the channel and land regions of the gas flow path using electrospray deposition. The segmented catalyst layer exhibited higher output power density than a conventional uniform catalyst layer with I/C ratios of 0.60, 1.00, and 1.55."
	4.16. 22 May 2025, Nature NPJ Computational Materials, High entropy powering green energy: hydrogen, batteries, electronics, and catalysis, "This review examines recent innovations in high-entropy materials, focusing on hydrogen generation/storage, fuel cells, batteries, semiconductors/electronics, and catalysis—where HEMs have demonstrated the ability to outperform state-of-the-art materials."
	4.17. 16 May 2025, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Post-mortem analysis of high-frequency current ripples effects on HT-PEMFC aging, "Herein, a post-mortem analysis is carried out on two aged MEAs, with and without high-frequency current ripples, in comparison to a fresh MEA. Various characterization techniques provided new information about the gas inlet/outlet regions and the degradation phenomena observed in certain components."
	4.18. 04 May 2025, Nature Communications, Enhancing surface activity and durability in triple conducting electrode for protonic ceramic electrochemical cells, "The enhanced interfacial bonding between the oxygen electrode and electrolyte contributes to increased durability and thermomechanical integrity, and this study underscores the critical importance of optimizing electrode microstructure to achieve a balance between surface activity and durability."
	4.19. 17 Apr 2025, Journal of Power Sources, Characterization and testing of strontium titanium ferrite-based solid oxide cells for reversible and co-electrolysis operation, "This study investigates STF and STF-Ni as potential fuel electrode materials for SOCs, with a focus on their electrochemical activity and stability at 750 °C, during reversible operations with H2/H2O and CO/CO2 mixtures, and during H2O/CO2 co-electrolysis."
	4.20. 15 Apr 2025, ACS Energy & Fuels, Thermal Transient Performance of PEM Fuel Cells in Aerospace Applications: A Numerical Study, "This study employs a validated numerical simulation model to investigate the transient responses of a PEMFC subjected to thermal shock cycles, where the bipolar plate walls experience abrupt temperature drops to 10 °C for durations of 3 to 19 s."

► R5. STORE: Type IV-V / MH / LH2 / LOHC / Geo (20)

	5.1. 29 Aug 2025, MDPI, Numerical Simulations of Large-Amplitude Acoustic Oscillations in Cryogenic Hydrogen at Pipe Exit, "In this study, numerical simulations are performed for acoustic flow at a pipe exit, with and without a wall adjacent to the exit. The operating fluid is cryogenic hydrogen gas, while the pipe radius (2 and 4 mm), temperature (40 and 80 K), and acoustic velocity amplitudes (varying in the range of 10 m/s to 70 m/s) are variable parameters."
	5.2. 27 Aug 2025, Springer Nature, A review: challenges, processes, and innovations in high-pressure hydrogen storage technologies, "The trend towards high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks is characterized by low cost, lightweight, and favorable safety performance. Consequently, the development of an efficient, sustainable, and safe high-pressure H2 storage method is a crucial focus of recent research, aiming to optimize H2 utility in various applications. This review summarizes the latest developments in the most established H2 compression technologies."
	5.3. 24 Aug 2025, Nature Scientific Reports, Experimental analysis and optimization of hydrogen pre-cooling liquefaction process with composite catalyst through a hybrid priority cluster modeling approach, "The study uses an innovative combination of experimental investigations coupled with machine learning methods to identify superior nanocomposites for their peak performance characteristics. Experimental data measurement of key thermophysical characteristics are estimated by using Pearson’s-r correlation analysis."
	5.4. 24 Aug 2025, Nature Scientific Reports, In situ electrochemical synthesis of polypyrrole Cu2O MoO3 nanocomposite on graphene oxide nanosheets for hydrogen generation and supercapacitors, "Here a simple, single-step electrochemical method is used to decorate a ternary Polypyrrole-Cu2O-MoO3 (PPy-Cu2O-MoO3) nanocomposite on Graphene Oxide (GO) nanosheets formed on a Graphite Foil Electrode (GFE). The characterization confirmed successful synthesis of ternary nanocomposite, and electrochemical tests showed the electrode performed well as both a supercapacitor and a hydrogen evolution reaction."
	5.5. 19 Aug 2025, Nature Scientific Reports, DFT investigation of efficient hydrogen storage utilizing Li and Na decorated co-doped graphene (B/N), "This study investigates the hydrogen storage capacity of co-doped graphene with non-bonded B and N atoms using density functional theory. The optimized structure reveals the introduction of co-doping ripples the surface, enhancing potential hydrogen storage applications. The adsorption behavior of Li and Na atoms on the BC4N surface is examined, demonstrating a higher binding energy, surpassing their cohesive energies."
	5.6. 19 Aug 2025, Elsevier Next Materials, Hydrogen absorption and desorption properties of Li-Mg-Al-Ti-M based lightweight high entropy alloys, "In this study, the hydrogen absorption and desorption properties of Li-Mg-Al-Ti-M based lightweight HEAs, in which light metal elements, such as Li and Mg, are favorable for reducing the density, were investigated to improve their gravimetric capacity. This is because reducing the density of the alloy leads to an increase in the gravimetric capacity of hydrogen, even though H/M remains the same."
	5.7. 10 Aug 2025, Elsevier Advanced Membranes, Combining Zeolite with MOF Glass to Construct Crystal-Glass Composite Membranes for Improved Hydrogen Separation, "In this study, we report the rational design of FAU-type zeolite-embedded ZIF-62-ag composite membranes to improve hydrogen separation performance. The optimized 20-FAU-ZIF-62-ag CGC membrane (20 wt% zeolite filler loading) exhibits the H2 permeability of 2516 Barrer and H2/CH4 selectivity of 52.4 for single-gas permeation, representing 179% and 45% improvements over the pristine ZIF-62-ag membrane."
	5.8. 07 Aug 2025, ACS Energy & Fuels, Exploring the Dual-Phase Configuration of Multicomponent Alloys in the Ti21Zr21VxFeyNiz (x + y + z = 58 at %) System for Room Temperature Hydrogen Storage, "This study investigates the dual-phase configuration of multicomponent alloys within the Ti21Zr21VxFeyNiz (x + y + z = 58 at %) system for hydrogen storage. The design strategy involved the use of the Calculation of Phase Diagrams (CALPHAD) method, which obtained four dual-phase alloys with varying proportions of C14 Laves and body-centered cubic phases. All alloys exhibited fast hydrogen absorption kinetics, reaching maximum capacity within 5 min, and demonstrated good hydrogen storage capacity at room temperature."
	5.9. 07 Aug 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Gaps, challenges, and opportunities of sodium borohydride alcoholysis for hydrogen, "This review aims thus to comprehensively cover alcoholysis of sodium borohydride, highlighting their advantages in hydrogen production and identifying current gaps in our understanding. It analyzes the challenges associated with implementation and discusses future prospects."
	5.10. 02 Aug 2025, Springer Nature, Sensitivity analysis of geological parameters to evaluate uncertainty in underground hydrogen storage performance for a saline aquifer at Ketzin (Germany), "Here a sensitivity analysis of hydrogen storage at Ketzin on geological parameters is considered and the open-source software MUFITS is utilized for reservoir-scale numerical simulations. Permeability and capillary pressure significantly affect storage performance and recommendations for realizing a future hydrogen storage demonstrator are provided."
	5.11. 15 Jul 2025, Wiley Advanced Materials, Understanding the Role of Borohydride Doping in Electrochemical Stability of Argyrodite Li6PS5Cl Solid-State Electrolyte, "This work elucidates the mechanism by which lithium borohydride (LiBH4) doping into argyrodite-type Li6PS5Cl (LBH-LPSCl) solid-state electrolyte (SSE) enhances electrochemical stability. State-of-the-art electrochemical performance is achieved with 5 wt% borohydride."
	5.12. 15 Jul 2025, Nature Scientific Reports, Integrated optimization of energy storage and green hydrogen systems for resilient and sustainable future power grids, "This study presents a novel multi-objective optimization framework supporting nations sustainability 2030–2040 visions by enhancing renewable energy integration, green hydrogen production, and emission reduction."
	5.13. 10 Jul 2025, ACS ENERGY AND CLIMATE, Microbiological and Geochemical Perspectives on Sustainable Dihydrogen Storage in Deep Aquifers, "Here, we utilized a high-pressure reactor to simulate the injection of 2% H2 into a currently operational aquifer gas storage site that holds natural gas (CH4 with 1% CO2). This experiment involved the use of formation water, autochthonous microorganisms, and porous rock samples from the same aquifer."
	5.14. 07 Jul 2025, ACS Energy & Fuels, Linking the Microstructure of Ball-Milled Mg–Ni Hydrogen Storage Materials to Reactive Properties and Techno-Economic Feasibility, "Here, we investigate the effect of ball milling parameters (rotational speed and milling duration) on the hydrogen storage properties of Mg–Ni-based materials. The effects of milling conditions are correlated to the microstructural properties of the materials and then linked to the rates of hydrogen storage and discharging and total hydrogen capacity."
	5.15. 05 Jul 2025, Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, Interpretable machine learning enables high performance of magnesium borohydride hydrogen storage system, "Here, numerous data points are collected from temperature-programmed, isothermal, and cyclic dehydrogenation behaviors, a neural network model is proposed by using multi-head attention mechanisms, which exhibits the highest predictive performance compared to traditional machine learning models."
	5.16. 02 Jul 2025, MDPI, Pore Size Engineering of MOFs by Pore Edge Reaction: Tetrazine Click and Hydrogen Adsorption in Theory and Experiment, "Here, we present a metal–organic framework platform [M2(RCOO)4(H2O)2], JUK-21(M), M = Cu or Zn, containing a tetrazine-based tetracarboxylate linker, which we covalently functionalize using the inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction and five dienophiles of various bulkiness, yielding a series of JUK-21(Cu)-x metal–organic frameworks."
	5.17. 02 Jul 2025, MDPI, Finite Element Analysis Framework for Structural Safety Evaluation of Type IV Hydrogen Storage Vessel, "We propose an integrated finite element analysis framework that encompasses a full spectrum of safety-critical loading scenarios and includes burst, axial compression, plug torque, low-velocity impact, and drop simulations, allowing for consistent structural evaluations across all standardized test conditions."
	5.18. 22 Jun 2025, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Oxygenated Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (oxo-LOHC) systems: The biodegradation and endocrine disrupting potential of oxo-LOHCs, intermediates and transformation products, "Our findings suggest that hydrogenation of the phenyl ring and methyl substitution on the ring may decrease biodegradability. The analysis of transformation products (TPs) showed that oxo-LOHC compounds initially undergo (de)hydrogenation and/or hydroxylation, with the latter reaction potentially enhancing the estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities."
	5.19. 09 Jun 2025, International Journal of Electrochemical Science, Influence of sintering time on structure and electrochemical properties of La2MgNi9 hydrogen storage alloys, "In this paper, vacuum powder sintering methods were used to prepare La2MgNi9 alloys with Mg-rich MgNi1.55 intermediate alloy, and the effect of sintering time on the phase structure and electrochemical properties of La2MgNi9 alloy was investigated."
	5.20. 04 Jun 2025, ACS Energy & Fuels, Solid-State Hydrogen Storage in Atomic Layer Deposited α-MoO3 Thin Films, "In this work hydrogen plasma was used at room temperature to hydrogenate α–MoO3 thin films oriented along the direction. Although hydrogen plasma treatment may appear energy-intensive, conventional hydrogenation methods generally demand high temperatures and elevated pressures, both of which contribute significantly to the overall energy consumption of the process."

► R6. APP: Automotive / Rail Industry (20)

	6.1. 23 Aug 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Potential of ammonia as H2 carrier for dual-fuel combustion in CI engines, "Here the feasibility and implications of using ammonia in dual-fuel combustion mode are analyzed in a single-cylinder, medium-heavy duty, compression ignition engine at low load, with energy substitution ratios up to 30 %. An optimization process based on the response surface methodology is carried out to achieve the best operating conditions with ammonia."
	6.2. 20 Aug 2025, Cell Reports Physical Science, Lessons from internal-combustion engines should aid the development of electric vehicles, "We demonstrated that addressing the root causes of the side effect problem using a systemic approach is difficult, prompting a shift from a systemic approach to an intrinsic approach to side effect management, as shown by the red line in the figure. In recent years, significant changes have occurred in how ICEs address emissions, such as the use of cleaner fuels like hydrogen."
	6.3. 20 Aug 2025, Hyundai, Hyundai Motor Showcases Hydrogen Mobility Vision and ‘the all-new NEXO’ at ESWC 2025, "Hyundai Motor showcases its hydrogen mobility vision at the world’s largest economics congress, featuring the all-new NEXO FCEV. The all-new NEXO highlights Hyundai Motor’s latest fuel cell technology and commitment to sustainable mobility."
	6.4. 07 Aug 2025, Elsevier Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, A framework to characterize the flow of high-pressure hydrogen injectors, "In this study, a novel framework will show that combining mass, momentum, and needle lift will allow for a comprehensive characterization of the losses of gaseous flow in a fuel injector. The needle lift additionally defines the inner geometry of the injector (open position), which is critical input for computational fluid dynamics simulations of a non-ideal compressible jet."
	6.5. 01 Aug 2025, MDPI, Data-Driven Modelling and Simulation of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Powertrain, "We adopt a system-level modelling approach to replicate the operational behaviour of the Toyota Mirai’s hybrid powertrain through a digital simulator. While physical modelling can capture detailed component-level dynamics, it is often complex and computationally intensive. Instead, a data-driven approach is employed, using experimental data from the ANL report to develop simplified yet accurate models for each subsystem, which show strong agreement with the source data."
	6.6. 28 Jul 2025, Nature Scientific Reports, Grid tied hybrid PV fuel cell system with energy storage and ANFIS based MPPT for smart EV charging, "Here, simulation results demonstrate effective voltage boosting from 110 V to 150 V and a regulated output of approximately 1100 V at 30 A, with the PV-side current stabilized at 500 A. The fuel cell maintains a steady output of 110 V while its current decreases from 40 A to 25 A, and the battery retains a 60% state-of-charge (SOC) at 120 V output."
	6.7. 05 Jul 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Understanding deactivation and reactivation of oxidation catalysts in hydrogen combustion engines, "This research investigates the deactivation phenomena of oxidation catalysts in exhaust gas aftertreatment systems of hydrogen internal combustion engines (-ICEs). The study observes an unexpected catalyst deactivation during extended cold start operation, which is partially reversible through lambda variation and increased exhaust temperatures."
	6.8. 01 Jul 2025, Next Energy, Predict the performance of hydrogen fueled vehicle and their refueling station through the data analysis based approach, "This study proposes a novel predictive framework integrating mathematical modeling, state-space analysis, and advanced data mining techniques, supported by reliability analysis, to evaluate the performance of HFVs and their associated refueling infrastructure. Utilizing a public dataset of 500 real-time operational data points, key performance indicators are statistically analyzed."
	6.9. 19 Jun 2025, Toyota & VDL Groep, Toyota Motor Europe starts zero tailpipe emissions logistics with fuel cell trucks, "Hydrogen fuel cell trucks built by VDL Groep, using Toyota fuel cell modules, now deployed on Toyota's logistics routes from Toyota’s European Parts Centre in Diest, Belgium to France, the Netherlands and Germany. Toyota's logistics providers will include zero tailpipe emission freight transport in their daily operations between Belgium, France, Germany and The Netherlands."
	6.10. 05 Jun 2025, Toyota, TOYOTA GAZOO Racing unveils liquid hydrogen-fueled "GR LH2 Racing Concept" at Le Mans, "Toyota has taken on the challenge of hydrogen engine development in motorsports, initially through Rookie Racing’s participation in the Japanese Super Taikyu series with the hydrogen-engine Corolla, which initially used gaseous hydrogen from 2021, before the introduction of a liquid hydrogen-powered car from 2023."
	6.11. 05 Jun 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Automotive PEM fuel cell catalyst layer degradation mechanisms and characterisation techniques, Part II: Platinum degradation, "There is limited emphasis on analysing the kinetic aspects and the parameters affecting the kinetics of reported degradation mechanisms, especially under automotive conditions, highlighting a significant gap in the field. This review aims to bridge this gap by offering a fresh perspective on Pt degradation analysis within automotive PEMFCs."
	6.12. 13 May 2025, China Daily, Guizhou pioneers hydrogen power for coal transport, "China's first commercially operated H2-powered locomotive began trial runs on Saturday in Liupanshui, Guizhou province, marking a significant milestone in the city's long-term drive to modernize its coal industry. The locomotive can be fully refueled in about 15 minutes, delivering up to 800 km of range and hauling over 4,500 tonnes, which makes it ideal for short-haul coal transport. All of its H2 is sourced on-site, extracted from coke-oven gas at the local plant at about one-third the cost of conventional water-electrolysis production."
	6.13. 02 May 2025, Green Technologies and Sustainability, Fuel cell technologies in the automotive sector: A focus on proton exchange membrane and Alkaline fuel cells, "This review article focuses on the development and application of fuel cell technologies specifically Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) and Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs) as viable alternatives for the future of the automotive industry."
	6.14. 24 Apr 2025, Zepp.solutions, Discover zepp.europa, "The first hydrogen-powered truck that doesn’t require compromises. With a range of over 700 km and the capability to haul a standard ISO trailer (45ft container), Europa delivers the same payload and workflow as its diesel counterparts. The Europa truck, powered by zepp.solutions’ advanced zepp.X150 fuel cell system, is designed for heavy-duty performance while delivering silent, vibration-free, and emission-free operation — all without compromising on efficiency or reliability. Zepp.europa is available in 4×2 and 6×2 configurations, with hydrogen storage at 350 or 700 bar."
	6.15. 24 Apr 2025, Elsevier Energy Conversion and Management, Understanding the role of thermo-diffusive instabilities in hydrogen combustion for lean-burn spark-ignition engine operation, "The study focuses on identifying potential sources of prediction errors and validating the robustness of the methodology under different operating conditions. The results indicate that the method performs well within moderate dilution ratios, but its accuracy decreases at higher dilution levels (e.g., = 3.4), where predictions become less reliable."
	6.16. 23 Apr 2025, Elsevier Energy Reports, The future of sustainable transit: Hydrogen-powered trams and PEMFCS, "This study analyzes the feasibility of carrying out hydrogen fuel cells in tram systems in Istanbul. By conducting simulations in Matlab Simulink to determine the efficiency, energy coverage, and cost of three different PEMFC models, this research aims to contribute to the literature on sustainable transportation alternatives."
	6.17. 17 Apr 2025, Elsevier Energy Conversion and Management, Transitioning Australia’s land freight transport: Competition of fuel cell electric, battery electric, and internal combustion engine vehicle, "This study introduces an innovative freight transport model, incorporating a novel approach to calculating vehicle time costs, refuelling time, and energy intensity, applied to Australia’s freight sector. Findings indicate that under moderate development, battery electric vehicles gain a larger share in light commercial vehicles, while fuel cell electric vehicles dominate the truck segment."
	6.18. 28 Mar 2025, Elsevier Fuel, Comparative computational study of hydrogen and natural gas in high-pressure direct-injection (HPDI) compression-ignition engines: Combustion characteristics, thermal efficiency, and local pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, "Given the commercial feasibility of HPDI engines fueled by methane (or natural gas), this research aims to implement hydrogen in HPDI engines and identify key differences in combustion characteristics, efficiency, and pollutant emissions to guide the development of efficient low-carbon engine technologies."
	6.19. 20 Mar 2025, ACS Omega, Effect of Auxiliary Hydrogen Injection in the Prechamber on the Combustion Process of a Natural Gas Engine, "In this study, it is suggested to use auxiliary hydrogen injection to improve the mixture in the prechamber, thereby improving the ignition performance of the prechamber jet."
	6.20. 06 Mar 2025, TEDA, 1st Batch of 200kW Hydrogen-Powered Trucks Rolled Out in TEDA, "The model is built on the Farizon Xinghan G platform and is equipped with the Rockcheck Hydrogen Power Fe6-200kW fuel cell system and a high-capacity Type IV onboard hydrogen storage system, features multiple breakthroughs in thermal management and intelligent driving technology."

► R7. APP: Aviation / UAS Industry (20)

	7.1. 18 Aug 2025, Elsevier Applied Thermal Engineering, Novel two-phase based cooling systems for fuel cell electric aircraft "We present a novel cooling system for a fuel cell electric aircraft based on two-phase cooling with the natural refrigerant methanol. Three novel cooling systems are presented and evaluated by means of system simulation. The two-phase cooling systems comprise a pumped two-phase cooling circuit which is extended by a high-temperature refrigeration cycle."
	7.2. 12 Aug 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Thermofluids, Numerical investigation of a turbine working with a highly unsteady exhaust flow of a hydrogen-driven rotating detonation combustion "This study aims at investigating the latter approach by employing the steady simulation method for an unsteady turbine optimization problem, highlighting the novelty of the research that speed up the simulation and analysis processes. The unsteadiness at the turbine inlet represents an RDC exhaust flow, which is generated by a 2D-Euler RDC simulation method, considering the turbine effects on the RDC operation."
	7.3. 10 Aug 2025, Elsevier Sustainable Production and Consumption, Can hydrogen-powered air travel grow within the planetary limits? "Our findings uggest that projected medium-distance air travel powered by e-kerosene or liquid hydrogen could have life cycle environmental impacts that overshoot global climate change and biodiversity loss thresholds by several orders of magnitude."
	7.4. 31 Jul 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Reducing emissions and fuel consumption in supersonic aviation with ammonia hybrid engines "We explore a supersonic hybrid electric engine for medium-haul airlines, combining ammonia-powered turbofan with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Mathematical modeling helps generate parametric dataset across different flight phases which is then used for training a physics-informed artificial neural network to identify optimum design points in terms of safety, efficiency and emissions."
	7.5. 17 Jul 2025, ZeroAvia, Patent awards add significant strength to ZeroAvia’s IP portfolio, with 45 patents granted to date "ZeroAvia announced it has been awarded nine new patents this year so far, with many critical to the company’s roadmap for scaling hydrogen-electric engines for large regional aircraft. The company has now been granted a total of 45 patents related to hydrogen and electric aviation systems, with almost 250 applications, most of which are still going through the patent office pipelines."
	7.6. 26 Jun 2025, Elsevier Combustion and Flame, A comprehensive experimental and numerical study on turbulent jet ignition mechanisms of lean hydrogen mixture using a super-rich pre-chamber combustion "This study aims to clarify fundamental aspects of the staged-combustion mechanism using turbulent jet ignition with a super-rich hydrogen pre-chamber. We investigated the combustion behaviors and characteristics under the turbulent jet ignition, as well as the detailed flame structures and ignition mechanisms."
	7.7. 18 Jun 2025, Airbus MTU, Airbus and MTU Aero Engines advance on hydrogen fuel cell technology for aviation "Airbus and MTU Aero Engines have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to progress together on hydrogen fuel cell propulsion, a promising and critical technology to decarbonise aviation. This MoU was signed today during the 55th Paris Airshow by Bruno Fichefeux, Airbus' Head of Future Programmes and Dr. Stefan Weber, MTU’s SVP Engineering and Technology."
	7.8. 16 Jun 2025, Stellar Aircraft, France’s XSun and H3 DYNAMICS Join Forces to Develop World’s First Solar Hydrogen Electric UAV "H3 Dynamics, an aerospace hydrogen fuel cell systems developer and XSun, the global leader in solar- electric unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are announcing a strategic partnership to develop world’s first solar-hydrogen-electric UAS. Solar PV cells contribute power to the overall power system, batteries provide peak power during take- off, and a miniaturised hydogen fuel cell system provides the main cruise power."
	7.9. 06 Jun 2025, Stellar Aircraft, Stellar Aircraft proudly unveils its second-generation propulsion module — a true breakthrough in green aviation "Stellar Aircraft proudly unveils its second-generation Electric Ducted Fan (EDF) propulsion unit — a breakthrough innovation in the field of distributed electric thrust systems. Specifically engineered for the StellarJet, this new-generation propulsor sets an unmatched standard for performance and integration. KEY FEATURES: Power output: 132 kW; Thrust: 1700 N; Weight: 14.7 kg; Duct diameter: 375 mm; Integrated power controller."
	7.10. 02 Jun 2025, AMSL Aero, FIRST AUSTRALIAN REGISTERED LIQUID HYDROGEN TANK CLEARS RUNWAY FOR ZERO-EMISSION TEST FLIGHTS "AMSL Aero and Stralis Aircraft have registered the tanks, known as “Dewar vessels”, in collaboration with BOC Australia. Dewar vessels operate like supersized thermos flasks; they contain a vacuum that insulates super-cold liquid hydrogen. BOC Australia, a Linde company, has led the registration process, laying the foundation for Australia's first liquid hydrogen flight test programs."
	7.11. 31 May 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Design and experimental characterization of a Micromix burner based on an optimized injection methodology "This study presents a design methodology applied to a 10 kW burner. Its ability to operate with hydrogen concentrations exceeding 80 % was experimentally validated, achieving stable and efficient combustion."
	7.12. 26 May 2025, Elsevier Combustion and Flame, Deep learning based combustion chemistry acceleration method for widely applicable turbulent combustion simulations "In this study, we present a neural network model with variable time steps aimed at enhancing the efficiency of combustion chemistry simulations focusing on the complex dual-fuel under premixed combustion."
	7.13. 13 May 2025, Elsevier Fuel, Experimental and numerical characterization of a single-hole LPDI Hydrogen injector: identification of a suitable inert replacement for Hydrogen jet studies "In this work, a detailed numerical and experimental characterization of a single-hole gas injector is presented using Argon (Ar), Helium (He), and Nitrogen (N2) as substitutes for Hydrogen (H2). The use of inert gases is a common practice in the literature to reduce experimental costs and enhance safety."
	7.14. 09 May 2025, AeroDelft, Student team achieves liquid hydrogen flight breakthrough "AeroDelft, one of Delft University of Technology's student teams, successfully designed and tested an electric aircraft propulsion system using liquid hydrogen as an energy source. It is the first student team to do so. The successful test was conducted at the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research liquid hydrogen test facility in Ypenburg, The Hague."
	7.15. 14 Apr 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, A review of hydrogen micromix combustion technologies for gas turbine applications "This review evaluates the state-of-the-art hydrogen micromix combustion technologies, focusing on injector performance, flashback characteristics, and NOx reduction strategies. Injector designs are categorized based on premixing and flame stabilization techniques."
	7.16. 26 Mar 2025, Elsevier Fuel, Stabilization and emissions characteristics of CH4–H2 blends in a premixed jet stabilized combustor "This study bridges a critical research gap on premixed jet-stabilized combustors operating on CH4/H2 fuel admixtures by providing a comprehensive experimental dataset that includes velocity fields, temperature, composition, and flame chemiluminescence for varying equivalence ratios and H2 content, varying from 0 to 100 % H2 by volume, in the fuel mixture."
	7.17. 25 Mar 2025, Airbus, Airbus showcases hydrogen aircraft technologies during its 2025 Airbus Summit "The four fuel cell systems would be supplied via two liquid hydrogen tanks and this concept will continue to be refined over the coming years as additional tests will help mature the technologies associated with hydrogen storage and distribution, as well as with the propulsion systems. Airbus are confident this provides the necessary power density for a hydrogen-powered commercial aircraft to evolve as the technology matures."
	7.18. 19 Mar 2025, MDPI, HStrategies to Increase Hydrogen Energy Share of a Dual-Fuel Hydrogen–Kerosene Engine for Sustainable General Aviation "This paper focuses on strategies to mitigate these irregular combustion phenomena while effectively increasing the H2 energy share. Experimental evaluations were conducted on an engine test bench using a one-cylinder dual-fuel H2 kerosene engine, utilizing two strategies, including water injection & rising the air–fuel ratio by increasing the boost pressure."
	7.19. 15 Mar 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Hydrogen–electric–thermal coupling analysis and validation of superconducting turbo-electric hybrid propulsion system "This study focuses on the design of a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting TEHPS, incorporating detailed models for key components, including the hydrogen turbine engine, fuel cell, and superconducting machines."
	7.20. 11 Feb 2025, Fabrum, Fabrum launches hydrogen testing facility at Christchurch airport (NZ) to accelerate zero emission aviation "Fabrum at Christchurch Airport offers a world-class facility that supports the development & testing of H2 solutions to support global decarbonisation efforts. Having LH2 as an aviation fuel available on-site is vital for the aviation sector, rapidly advancing towards hydrogen-fuelled operations to unlock a zero-emissions future."

► R8. APP: Defence / Military Industry (20)

	8.1. 09 Aug 2025, Elsevier Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Drone endurance in hydrogen fuel cell hybrid technologies: Power architectures and design strategies "This study delivers an exhaustive exploration of novel and hybrid power systems for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) aimed at improving endurance, efficiency, and mission performance. In the wake of increasing requirements for long-endurance and high-performance UAVs,"
	8.2. 06 Aug 2025, US Naval Research Laboratory, Naval Research Hydrogen Tech Goes Tactical "NRL has prototyped a Hydrogen Small Unit Power (H-SUP) system to reduce detectability and improve readiness of Marine Corps in expeditionary warfare operations. NRL’s H-SUP is a portable fuel cell electric generator with greater energy per weight than batteries and lower audible and thermal signatures than combustion generators."
	8.3. 24 Jul 2025, Skyeton, Danish Ministry of Defence DALO 2025 / RAYBIRD UAV COMPLETED A FLIGHT POWERED BY HYDROGEN FUEL "The Skyeton Raybird UAS is used in long-endurance surveillance and reconnaissance missions & with the shift toward hydrogen-electric propulsion, the platform will offer enhanced operational efficiency and environmental performance for both defense and civilian applications."
	8.4. 25 Jun 2025, DTIC, Technical Report, Performance of a Hydrogen Pulsed Electrothermal Thruster, Strategic Defense Initiative "This report describes an SBIR Phase 1 effort to determine the technical feasibility of measuring the performance of a hydrogen pulsed electrothermal thruster on liquid hydrogen propellent, and the design of a 5kW thruster is presented."
	8.5. 20 Apr 2025, SCMP, China tests non-nuclear hydrogen bomb, science paper shows "Chinese researchers have successfully detonated a hydrogen-based explosive device in a controlled field test, triggering devastating chemical chain reactions without using any nuclear materials, according to a study published last month. The 2kg bomb generated a fireball exceeding 1,000 degrees Celsius for more than two seconds – 15 x equivalent TNT blast. Developed by the China State Shipbuilding Corporation’s 705 Research Institute, a key player in underwater weapon systems, the device uses a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage material." Past research: 11 May 2022, ScienceDirect, H2-storage emulsion explosives
	8.6. 09 Apr 2025, Global Times, China’s 50kg-class hydrogen-powered drone sets new domestic record with 30-hour continuous flight "The drone, jointly developed by the Chengdu Aircraft Industrial Group Co under the Aviation Industry Corporation of China, a state-owned aerospace and defense conglomerate, and Tsinghua University, achieved a breakthrough in the integrated design technology of flight, propulsion and control systems based on the output characteristics of hydrogen fuel cells."
	8.7. 25 Mar 2025, ZeroAvia, ZeroAvia Awarded U.S. Airforce Grant for an Autonomous Hydrogen-Electric Aircraft "ZeroAvia will analyze the potential for developing and delivering an 8,000 lb autonomous aircraft with hydrogen-electric propulsion for reduced engine noise and low thermal signature, thus significantly reducing detectability. Hydrogen fuel cells are a promising technology for improving the range, duration and turnaround time of a range of electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicles"
	8.8. 19 Mar 2025, NovaSpark, Prototypes Delivered for DIU’s HyTEC Project for Operational Testing and Evaluation "The first Hydrogen at the Tactical Edge of Contested Logistics (HyTEC) prototype systems have recently been delivered to Marine Corps units on Marine Corps Base Hawaii and Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Yuma for operator testing and evaluation."
	8.9. 17 Feb 2025, BlueBird, BlueBird Revolutionizes Tactical VTOL UAVs with Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology "The WanderB-VTOL is an electric VTOL Mini-UAS, designed for rapid deployment and operation in any environment. Combat-proven, it can effectively function in GPS-denied and spoofed conditions. This VTOL UAV has unprecedented flight endurance of over six (6) hours, unmatched reliability and a sustainable energy solution."
	8.10. 06 Feb 2025, Haskel, Why Hydrogen-Powered Drones Are Essential in Defense Applications "Hydrogen-powered drone technology is slowly becoming one of the most common forms of aerial vehicles used by organizations in the defense industry. Because drones have an acoustic and vibration signature ideal for surveillance and recon missions, they are often used in military operations."
	8.11. 31 Jan 2025, Research & Markets, Military Power Solutions Research Report 2025: Rising Demand for High-Capacity Batteries and Compact Power Units, Renewable Energy Integration Amidst Defense Modernization Efforts "Hydrogen fuel cells are gaining prominence in the military as an alternative power source due to their high energy density and long operational duration. These fuel cells offer the advantage of extended runtime, making them ideal for powering portable systems such as soldiers' gear, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and remote equipment in the field. Fuel cells operate efficiently in harsh conditions, providing a reliable power source even in extreme temperatures, which is often a challenge for conventional batteries."
	8.12. 15 Jan 2025, Heven Drones, HevenDrones Partners with SmartShooter for Drone Defense "Heven's hydrogen-powered, runway-independent drones are designed with endurance and adaptability in mind. Built for the most complex missions, Heven's drones operate anywhere—efficiently, quietly, and reliably— providing the warfighter with the technology to get the job done."
	8.13. 08 Jan 2025, US Army, Engineer Research and Development Center celebrates US Army’s first hydrogen-powered nanogrid "The nanogrid at WSMR uses renewable H2 fuel to replace traditional bulky, noisy diesel generators. It provides power to a surveillance camera system and meteorological weather equipment, supporting continuous, unattended operation in a remote off-grid location. The nanogrid enables this equipment to operate in the particular location where “silent watch” capabilities of H2-powered generation are needed in a pristine environment."
	8.14. 10 Sep 2024, GeoPura, GeoPura Hydrogen Power Trial Advances Green Energy for UK Ministry of Defence Sites "GeoPura, a leading provider of zero-emission energy solutions, is proud to announce the successful completion of a landmark hydrogen power trial with the Ministry of Defence (MOD). The trial successfully introduced and utilised hydrogen on military bases to generate electricity to recharge electric cars."
	8.15. 19 Aug 2024, Blueflite, Blueflite, an innovator in advanced drone technology, is proud to announce its participation in the Northern Strike 2024 "Blueflite® CEO Frank Noppel said the Northern Territory is the ideal location to develop, test and deploy long-range hydrogen powered UAVs which have the potential to shrink distances, increase services in remote areas and decarbonise last mile transportation."
	8.16. 08 Jul 2024, NATO Energy Security, Executive Summary of the field experiment conducted by NATO ENSEC COE in the summer of 2023, utilizing Hydrogen Fuel Cell technology within the military environment "The field trial, conducted at French military site in Gergy “CIEP,” was a unique endeavor that provided a “close to mission” environment. The trial involved using 2xH2 fuel cells for 400W & 1000W."
	8.17. 08 May 2024, Janes, DSA 2024: Malvus Sense unveils hydrogen-electric-powered VTOL UAS "Malaysian firm Malvus Sense unveiled the CW-25H, a new H2-electric-powered vertical take-off & landing in collaboration with Chinese UAS firm JOUAV at the Defence Services Asia 2024. Powered by hydrogen-electric hybrid technology, the CW-25H has a flight time of up to 330 minutes. The two companies are collaborating on UASs for the Malaysian Armed Forces."
	8.18. 22 Apr 2024, University of Sydney, Medical drone project receives $3.6 million to close health gap in rural and remote Australia "The medical drone is being designed to enable early detection, prevention, and treatment of health conditions common in rural and remote regions of Australia, such as sepsis and to actively contribute. Militarily, US Air Force: Drones essential to combat medicine."
	8.19. 15 Apr 2024, Military Aerospace Communications, Japan pours billions of yen into plan to build the world’s largest hydrogen fuel cell for aviation "Japan's New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organisation (NEDO), a government research agency, is using $86 million in funds to develop a 4MW hydrogen fuel cell by 2029 & by developing technology for components that make up fuel-cell electric propulsion systems for aircraft applications."
	8.20. 15 Apr 2024, BWR, Hydrogen Fuel Cell Microgrid Project: Energy Innovation, Integration and Assurance "BWR Innovation announces it was recently granted a two-year subcontract by The Global Connective Center, LLC as a part of an agreement with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) to develop and integrate capabilities for a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Microgrid (H2MG) to promote operation energy resilience."

► R9. APP: Marine / Maritime Industry (20)

	9.1. 21 Aug 2025, Elsevier Energy, A novel waterborne Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-based cogeneration system with realistic heat management "This study examines a novel Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) cogeneration system powered by liquefied natural gas integrating realistic and flexible heat management to support efficient maritime applications. With a nominal power capacity of 125 kW, the SOFC-based system comprises stacks and balance-of-plant components, including pre-reformer, afterburner, heat exchangers, and blowers."
	9.2. 28 Jul 2025, Nature Scientific Reports, Multi-objective optimal scheduling of islands considering offshore hydrogen production "This paper presents a low-carbon economic dispatch strategy designed explicitly for distant oceanic islands, incorporating energy self-sufficiency rates and seasonal hydrogen storage (SHS). We propose a power supply model for offshore islands considering hydrogen production from offshore wind power."
	9.3. 24 Jul 2025, Elsevier Energy Conversion and Management, Energy management for hybrid and fully electric vessels via a multi-objective Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy "This paper presents a novel control strategy based on the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for a dual-fuel full-electric vessel operating with diesel engines and hydrogen fuel cells taking into account both fuel cost and emissions."
	9.4. 17 Jul 2025, MDPI, Use of Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells in Marine and Industrial Applications—Current Status "This study presents the standard hydrogen production, storage, and transport methods and analysis technologies that use hydrogen fuel cells in marine and industrial applications. Technologies based on hydrogen fuel cells and hybrid systems will have an increased perspective of application in industry and maritime transport under the conditions of optimising technological models."
	9.5. 12 Jul 2025, MDPI, Techno-Economic Assessment of Pink Hydrogen Produced from Small Modular Reactors for Maritime Applications "This paper presents a techno-economic assessment of liquid hydrogen produced from small modular reactors (SMRs) for maritime applications. Pink hydrogen is examined as a carbon-free alternative to conventional marine fuels, leveraging the zero-emission profile and dispatchable nature of nuclear energy."
	9.6. 20 Jun 2025, Hanwha, The role of ESS and hydrogen fuel cells in maritime energy security "Electrification also offers a cleaner, quieter, and more cost-effective way to operate ships. Electric propulsion systems replace or supplement conventional engines with electric motors powered by energy storage systems (ESS) or hydrogen fuel cells."
	9.7. 06 Jun 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Numerical investigation of premixed hydrogen combustion in dual-fuel marine engines at high load "We investigate using CFD modelling a H2 fuelled marine dual-fuel engine to identify operating settings ranges for different H2 energy fractions, as well as parametrically optimise the diesel fuel injection timing and temperature at inlet valve closing. The large marine four-stroke engine operation in the diesel & diesel-hydrogen dual fuel modes was simulated to reveal the effects of H2 use on the combustion, performance, and emissions parameters."
	9.8. 31 May 2025, Elsevier Cryogenics, A cryogenic tank thermodynamic process model for marine applications "The modelling of liquid hydrogen tanks has been extensively investigated in the context of space, aeronautical and land vehicle applications and as decarbonization becomes a growing concern and hydrogen promises to be a zero-carbon fuel for both land and sea applications, studies on LH2 as a marine cargo or fuel are beginning to emerge."
	9.9. 31 May 2025, Tokio Marine, Tokio Marine debuts new green transformation insurance unit "Tokio Marine GX (TMGX), aims to provide specialist insurance and risk management solutions to facilitate the decarbonisation of business operations and capitalise on emerging green opportunities. TMGX is built upon the expertise of GCube in renewable energy underwriting, Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire’s offshore marine insurance and the knowledge of Tokio Marine’s worldwide operations."
	9.10. 13 May 2025, frontiers, Hydrogen-powered vessels in green maritime decarbonization: policy drivers, technological frontiers and challenges "This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the development of hydrogen-powered vessels and explores their potential and practical applications as a green shipping solution. The objective is to examine the application of hydrogen technologies in ship propulsion systems, along with related technological innovations, regulatory developments, and industry standards."
	9.11. 18 Apr 2025, Elsevier Ocean Engineering, Alternative fuels and design modifications for environmentally sustainable marine vessels "The work is focused on outlining the impact of traditional marine vessels on the environment, then moving on to presenting possible alternative fuel solutions before finally discussing ways of implementing these solutions in existing marine vessels."
	9.12. 12 Apr 2025, Elsevier Ocean Engineering, Rux Energy and Serco Collaborate on Groundbreaking Hydrogen Storage Project Funded by Connected Places Catapult "This paper presents a novel investigation into battery-hybrid electric propulsion systems using alternative fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia, integrating optimal load control mechanisms with real-time lifecycle assessment models."
	9.13. 09 Apr 2025, Yanmar, Yanmar Power Technology Secures Approval in Principle for Maritime Hydrogen Fuel Cell System from DNV "The Yanmar GH320FC is designed as a next-generation power source for marine applications with an innovative design that facilitates easy installation on various types of vessels. The system also allows for multiple units to be connected in parallel and offers flexibility in the number of H2 fuel cell modules, enabling it to meet diverse power requirements across different ship types and operations."
	9.14. 27 Mar 2025, Rux Energy Serco, Rux Energy and Serco Collaborate on Groundbreaking Hydrogen Storage Project Funded by Connected Places Catapult "Rux Energy’s breakthrough solution incorporates a patented advanced nanoporous material, which fill the void of a tank, acting like a “sponge” for hydrogen molecules, increasing its density, allowing hydrogen to be stored at more moderate temperatures and lower pressures – this increases energy efficiency and radically improves safety, at a fraction of the cost of traditional storage methods."
	9.15. 25 Feb 2025, Zepp.solutions, Zepp.solutions to supply hydrogen fuel cell systems for zero-emission river cruise vessel "Zepp.solutions will supply the fuel cell systems used in the retrofit of an existing cruise vessel with a fully modular hydrogen and battery-electric drivetrain. The H2 fuel cell systems will deliver a power output exceeding 1MW, using Zepp’s X150 fuel cell modules – a system that has already proven itself in heavy-duty applications such as H2-powered trucks"
	9.16. 27 Jan 2025, Yanmar, Yanmar Hydrogen Engine Production Plan Approved Under Zero-Emission Ships Project "Yanmar project aims to establish an advanced production system for zero-emission ships powered by hydrogen and batteries. By developing essential production facilities for hydrogen-fueled propulsion systems, the initiative seeks to reduce CO2 emissions through market adoption while boosting industrial competitiveness and economic growth."
	9.17. 10 Jan 2025, Wiley Advanced Science, A Fuel Cell Power Supply System Equipped with Artificial Gill Membranes for Underwater Applications "Here a circulating air-flow continuously supplies a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with oxygen, which is replenished using a polymer membrane. The membrane serves as the interface between the circulating air-flow and the ambient water, preventing water flux while allowing an oxygen flux across the membrane, driven by a partial oxygen pressure gradient."
	9.18. 20 Dec 2024, SWITCH Maritime, Sea Change Hydrogen Ferry Demonstration Project "Welcome aboard Sea Change, the world’s first commercial hydrogen fuel-cell powered ferry. Sea Change will be operating special trips on SF Bay Ferry’s Pier 41. Rides are free. MV Sea Change is owned by SWITCH Maritime, and was developed by the company with support from a grant provided by the California Air Resources Board."
	9.19. 30 Oct 2024, Yanmar, Successful Operation at Rated Output in the Trial of a H2 4-Stroke High-Speed Engine for Coastal Vessels "The tested pilot-ignition H2 engine operates by using a small amount of diesel oil as the ignition source (pilot fuel) to burn a premixture of hydrogen and air. With this operation, the engine achieved the world’s highest H2 fuel ratio and an output of approximately 500 kW, leading the industry."
	9.20. 13 Oct 2024, MDPI, A Technical Study on an Integrated Closed-Loop SOFC & NH3 Decomposition System for Marine Application "This study result proves that the integrated system of NH3 cracking SOFCs can maintain a self-balanced condition, ensuring adequate SOFC heat supply for the ammonia cracking process to produce H2 while supporting normal SOFC operation & generating heat."

► R10. APP: Sustainable Metallurgy Industry (20)

	10.1. 30 Aug 2025, Elsevier Corrosion Science, H2 Permeation into Duplex Steel Under Compressive and Tensile Stresses: Symmetric Lattice Swelling and Asymmetric Stress Redistribution "This study investigates the effect of externally applied stress on H2 uptake in 2205 duplex stainless steel, an industrially relevant material with a heterogeneous, dual-phase microstructure. A four-point bent sample is subjected to in-situ electrolytic H2 charging for four hours while being analyzed via high-energy synchrotron cross-sectional X-ray micro-diffraction, enabling time- and depth-resolved characterization of strain-free lattice parameters and internal stresses."
	10.2. 20 Aug 2025, Elsevier Journal of Materials Research and Technology, A new strategy for designing Nb-based H2-selective alloys based on physical-chemical parameter matching rules "Here six alloys with the formula Nb30Hf35Co30M5 (M = Fe, Cu, Mo, W, Al, Cr) were arc melted to verify the newly established PCPM rules. The H2 permeability of produced samples was further evaluated using a hydrogen permeable test instrument. It was shown that a good match between the four parameters, rather than a single valence electron concentration value, is critical for controlling performance in terms of hydrogen permeation."
	10.3. 14 Aug 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, The influence of trapped hydrogen on the passivity of iron oxides "Summarizing, trapped hydrogen accelerates corrosion by degrading surface oxides; reversible trapped hydrogen is dominantly located at ferrite/pearlite grain boundaries; and microstructure of steel will influence susceptibility to breakdown of the passive film."
	10.4. 11 Aug 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Fatigue, Fatigue crack growth retardation due to crack closure in high-strength steel under high-pressure hydrogen "In this study, to further explore this intricate relationship and obtain fundamental insights necessary for identifying superior high-strength steels for hydrogen applications, a high-pressure (90 MPa) hydrogen gas facility was employed to rigorously test a steel with a tensile strength of 1500 MPa."
	10.5. 30 Jul 2025, Elsevier Chemical Engineering Science, Cleaner steelmaking using biomass: A novel ironmaking process "Here we propose a breakthrough option that combines the direct reduction of iron ore by CO with biomass gasification within a single shaft furnace reactor. CO is produced in situ by biomass gasification according to the Boudouard reaction. The exhaust gas, a CO–CO2 gas mixture, is recycled as feed gas at the bottom of the shaft."
	10.6. 30 Jul 2025, Voestalpine, Voestalpine produces the world's first hydrogen-based railoestalpine produces the world's first hydrogen-based rail "Voestalpine has produced the world’s first hydrogen-based rail at its Donawitz site as part of a pilot project. The “green” rail consists of a mix of scrap and hydrogen-reduced pure iron, which was produced in the HYFOR pilot plant in Donawitz."
	10.7. 26 Jul 2025, Elsevier Corrosion Science, Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Additively Manufactured High-Strength Low-Alloy AISI 4340 Steel "Our findings indicate that AM of high-strength steels has strong potential to improve HE resistance, providing a pathway to solve this long-term problem. This study highlights the critical role of microstructure in influencing HE and offers valuable insights for developing steels for hydrogen applications."
	10.8. 09 Jul 2025, Nature NPJ Materials Degradation, Insights from quasi-in situ cryogenic-transfer atom probe tomography for analyzing hydrogen diffusion in metallic alloys "Here we quantified the nanoscale changes of in austenitic FeCrNi alloy during ultrahigh vacuum transfer using a LEAP 6000 XR APT system with UV laser-assisted and voltage-pulsed modes. We introduced a quasi-in situ method to study deuterium out-diffusion kinetics from electrochemically charged FeCrNi needles, which involved analyzing a deuterium-charged sample using APT, pausing for controlled thermal treatments at room temperature and 150°C, followed by reanalysis."
	10.9. 18 Jun 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Modelling the hydrogen production process from electrolysis for the needs of a coking company "We present an analysis of the possibility of H2 production using the electrolysis process by a coking company. The electrolysis process was modelled using a self-developed computational model created in MATLAB- Simscape. The analysis assumes powering the electrolysers with energy obtained from two planned photovoltaic installations."
	10.10. 16 Jun 2025, Elsevier Energy Conversion and Management, Hydrogen and Synthetic Natural Gas for decarbonizing steel hot rolling mills: Economic viability under dynamic electricity pricing "This study conducts an economic assessment of hydrogen and synthetic natural gas on-site production for a steel hot rolling plant, focusing on identifying the most cost-effective electrolysis technology and evaluating the impact of dynamic electricity prices."
	10.11. 14 Jun 2025, Nature NPJ Materials Degradation, Effect of microstructure on hydrogen permeation and trapping in natural gas pipeline steels "This study examines hydrogen permeation and trapping in three types of natural gas pipeline steels from different decades in Canada—modern, vintage, and legacy steels. Electrochemical permeation experiments were conducted to measure the diffusion coefficient, subsurface concentration, and trap density of hydrogen."
	10.12. 08 Jun 2025, Max Planck Institute, Aluminium alloys for the hydrogen economy - International researcher team develops scalable aluminium alloys for the hydrogen economy "Through a two-step heat treatment, we engineered fine Al3Sc nanoprecipitates on which a shell of a highly structurally complex Al3(Mg,Sc)2 forms in-situ. These dual nanoprecipitates are distributed throughout the alloy to serve two key roles: the Al3(Mg,Sc)2 phase traps hydrogen and enhances resistance against H2 embrittlement, while the fine Al3Sc particles boost strength."
	10.13. 07 Jun 2025, Elsevier Fuel, Comparative numerical study of Fe2O3 reduction using CO and H2 for direct iron production "Here, we developed a comprehensive model using Python, integrated with ANSYS Twin Builder, to simulate the reduction processes. The model incorporates mass and energy balances, gas–solid reaction kinetics, and heat transfer phenomena within a counter-current shaft reactor."
	10.14. 06 Jun 2025, Nature NPJ Computational Materials, Unveiling hydrogen chemical states in supersaturated amorphous alumina via machine learning-driven atomistic modeling "In this work, the reliability of our simulations is assessed by using state-of-the-art universal MLIPs as well as systems with nominal charge neutrality, providing excellent agreement with benchmark ab initio simulations and experimental data."
	10.15. 05 Jun 2025, Elsevier Physics Open, 3D modelling of hydrogen embrittlement in austenitic stainless steel and nickel-based superalloy: Physical metallurgy aspects on hydrogen entrapment "Here we examine the importance of microstructural features, including grain boundaries, dislocations, precipitates and lattice structures, on the susceptibility of austenitic stainless and Ni superalloys to hydrogen embrittlement. Grain boundaries, which act as discontinuous regions, can either facilitate or hinder hydrogen diffusion."
	10.16. 31 May 2025, Elsevier Applied Energy, Renewables pull and strategic push – What drives hydrogen-based steel relocation? "In this study, we first review the literature to specify the key economic and strategic variables that can pull and push H-DRI-EAF-based steel making in value chains using green hydrogen. Secondly, we select and calculate the Levelized Cost of Steel (LCOS) for a range of scenarios defined by five archetypical H-DRI-EAF steel value chain configurations using green hydrogen."
	10.17. 30 May 2025, Nippon Steel Breakthrough technology development to decarbonize steelmaking processes "Noting reduction with hydrogen is an endothermic reaction, the temperature drop in the furnace causes problems such as the reaction not being sustained and the iron not melting, so in order to realize hydrogen steelmaking, we are tackling these problems by development of breakthrough technologies such as 1. high-temperature heating of flammable hydrogen, 2. securing of gas flow in the furnace, 3. additional melting process, and 4. large-scale production for production."
	10.18. 19 May 2025, Elsevier Journal of Materials Research and Technology, Low-temperature carburizing improves hydrogen embrittlement resistance of cold worked 304 austenitic stainless steel "In this study, low-temperature carburizing (LTC) was performed on cold worked 304 ASS. Its effect on the mechanical properties and HE was investigated by electrochemical cathodic hydrogen charging and slow strain rate tensile test."
	10.19. 24 Apr 2025, ArXiv, Permeation and thermal desorption model of hydrogen in steel: a sensitivity analysis "This work presents a fully physical model of the hydrogen diffusion and trapping kinetics in metals, integrating permeation and thermal desorption within a unified framework and is based on the McNabb and Foster approach."
	10.20. 10 Apr 2025, Stegra, Stegra supported by the EU Innovation Fund "Stegra are building a next-generation steel mill in northern Sweden, complete with a green hydrogen and green iron plant. It will be powered by renewable electricity and consequently deliver CO2 emissions reductions of up to 95 percent."

► R11. APP: Space Industry (20)

	11.1. 18 Aug 2025, Nature Chemistry, Magnetically induced convection enhances water electrolysis in microgravity "Here we show that a commercial neodymium magnet enhances water electrolysis with current density improvements of up to 240% in microgravity by exploiting the magnetic polarization of the electrolyte and the magnetohydrodynamic force. We demonstrate that these interactions enhance gas bubble detachment and displacement through magnetic convection and achieve passive gas–liquid phase separation."
	11.2. 18 Aug 2025, Elsevier Space Policy, Space science & the space economy "Here we argue that this goal would be achievable if the scientific community could take advantage of the three pillars underlying the innovation of the new space economy: (1) technology innovation proceeding through both incremental innovation and disruptive innovation, (2) business innovation, through vertical integration, scale production, and service-oriented business model, and (3) cultural innovation, through openness to risk and iterative development."
	11.3. 15 Aug 2025, Springer Nature Communications, Widespread ilmenite contributions to the surface water cycle in lunar Procellarum KREEP Terrane "Here, we report the water content and hydrogen isotopes in the rims of lunar ilmenites from Chang’e-5 soil samples using an ion microprobe. Ilmenite rims exhibit higher water contents (~730 − 3,700 ppm) and lower δD values (−884 to −482‰) than that of the lunar mantle, indicating a predominantly endogenic origin from solar-wind (SW) implantation."
	11.4. 25 jul 2025, NASA NASA Tests New Liquid Hydrogen Tank for Crewed Artemis Missions "NASA engineers built an additional liquid hydrogen storage sphere at the launch pad. To ensure the tank functions properly and can safely flow the minus 423 degrees Fahrenheit super-cool liquid gas to the mobile launcher and SLS during launch countdown, the Artemis launch team successfully practiced flowing liquid hydrogen from both tanks to ensure there were no issues."
	11.5. 22 Jul 2025, Elsevier Earth and P Letters, Thermodynamics of Fe-S-O-C-H liquids: Implications for the Martian core "We find that the Martian core requires very high concentrations of light-elements of ≈50 mol%, in line with previous work. Applying geochemical constraints, Mars' core may require very high hydrogen contents of 0.5 wt% (27 mol%) and little oxygen."
	11.6. 01 Jul 2025, NASA NTRS, Development of the NASA HR-2 Superalloy for Hydrogen-Sensitive Liquid Rocket Engines Via Laser Powder Bed Fusion "One such material being developed at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center is L-PBF NASA HR-2 (Hydrogen Resistant-2), a high-strength Fe-Ni-based superalloy resistant to hydrogen environment embrittlement. The chemistry of NASA HR-2 was formulated to meet requirements for key liquid rocket engine components that operate in high-pressure hydrogen environments."
	11.7. 17 Jun 2025, Elsevier Fuel, Effects of cryogenic temperature on propagation of hydrogen-air rotating detonation waves "The use of H2 in its cryogenic state not only enhances combustion performance but also facilitates high-density fuel storage, which is particularly advantageous for volume-constrained aerospace and space systems. These attributes also support the development of advanced energy conversion systems in spacecraft, defence technologies, and next-generation power units where high thrust-to-weight ratios and compactness are essential."
	11.8. 16 Jun 2025, Elsevier Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Methanol storage in high-pressure clathrate hydrates as a prolonged source of methane in large ocean worlds "Here, we address this fundamental gap of knowledge by studying and comparing two systems: tetrahydrofuran, ((CH2)4O, THF) with water (THF-H2O, served as a reference) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) with methanol and water (THF-MeOH-H2O), using synchrotron-based in situ high-pressure – low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction."
	11.9. 04 Jun 2025, NASA NTRS, Development of A Flow Boiling Visualization Experiment for Liquid Hydrogen "We present the development of a two-phase hydrogen visualization flow cell that can address uncertainty in existing models by providing temperature, velocity, and pressure drop data while identifying flow regimes in two-phase hydrogen. Preliminary results using liquid nitrogen are provided with uncertainties."
	11.10. 21 May 2025, Blue Origin, HIGH-PERFORMANCE HYDROGEN ENGINE Designed for First-Stage Applications "At full power, BE-3PM generates up to 490 kN thrust at Launch Site One 485 kN at sea level. When returning to Earth, it uniquely throttles down to 90 kN, enabling a gentle vertical landing on the pad and like the Space Shuttle’s main engines, BE-3PM uses high-performing liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. BE-3PM is designed for operational reusability with minimal maintenance between flights."
	11.11. 30 Apr 2025, Space, Tank for 1st Artemis touchdown on the moon "At NASA’s Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans, the liquid hydrogen tank for the Artemis 3 Space Launch System rocket was moved into the factory's final assembly area on April 22, 2025. The 130-foot-tall (40-meter) propellant tank is one of the five major elements that comprise the 212-foot-tall (65-meter) SLS core stage. The stage, along with its four RS-25 rocket engines, and side-mounted solid rocket boosters, will be used to launch the Artemis 3 Orion spacecraft and its crew to walk on the moon."
	11.12. 04 Apr 2025, Honda, Honda R&D to Conduct Testing with Sierra Space and Tec-Masters on the International Space Station "Honda is leveraging decades of hydrogen fuel cell technology expertise to develop a regenerative fuel cell system, known as a circulative renewable energy system, that will continuously produce oxygen, hydrogen, and electricity."
	11.13. 12 Feb 2025, Sierra Space Completes Test Campaign on Next Generation Vortex 35,000 lbf Fuel-Rich LOX LH2 Engine "The VR35K-A is a high-performance liquid oxygen (LOX)/liquid hydrogen (LH2) engine that employs a fuel-rich staged combustion cycle, an innovative turbopump architecture and a VORTEX® combustion chamber to produce 35,000 lbf of thrust at a higher performance than any engine currently on the market."
	11.14. 11 Feb 2025, NASA, Hubble Battery Tech Holds Power on Earth Nickel-hydrogen technology is safe, durable, and long-lasting – now it’s affordable too "Nickel-hydrogen battery technology has been around for decades. These batteries were first developed in the 1970s, and in the 1980s they began replacing nickel-cadmium technology on geosynchronous communications satellites run by the global consortium Intelsat."
	11.15. 20 Jan 2025, PHYS.ORG, NASA sets new hydrogen sulfide exposure limits for space missions "A SMAC value for hydrogen sulfide has not previously been established since it has not been of concern in spacecraft. However, with Artemis missions returning to the moon, there is a possibility that H2S could be released within spacecraft during lunar sample return, given that this compound may be a component of lunar polar ice."
	11.16. 02 Dec 2024, Elsevier Acta Astronautica, Analytical formulations for Nitrogen Oxides emissions estimation of a hydrogen fueled Synergetic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine in air-breathing mode "This study specifically focuses on the former, enabling the Single Stage To Orbit (SSTO) Skylon reaching the hypersonic speed regime before transitioning to rocket mode."
	11.17. 14 Oct 2024, Infinity, Infinity delivers 7 kW Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cell Designed for Future Spaceflight Missions "This is one of the largest Fuel Cell stacks that Infinity has made and demonstrates the design is on a path to full qualification. Engineers at Infinity tested the stack to meet 1 to 7 kW. Infinity’s patented air-independent, space-rated fuel cell systems can support extended mission operations."
	11.18. 05 Aug 2024, NASA, Low Leakage Cryogenic Disconnects for Fuel Transfer and Long-Term Storage "To enable deep space missions, the capability to transfer and store cryogenic fuels (typically liquid hydrogen, methane, and oxygen) without significant leakage over long duration missions is critical. NASA has been actively developing zero boil-off cryocooler technology to reduce storage losses."
	11.19. 07 Jun 2024, MT Aerospace, Hydrogen is the driver for future decarbonised mobility solutions "MT Aerospace has decades of experience in the use of LH2 in rocket propulsion systems. This expertise results both from sustainable technology innovations and a large number of product-related cryogenic tests. The further development into cryogenic H2 storage and supply systems is a differentiating feature for MT Aerospace."
	11.20. 08 May 2024, University of Melbourne, High-tech equipment boosts University’s hydrogen and space research "UoM has worked with the Florida, USA-headquartered company GenH2, a leader in hydrogen infrastructure solutions, to install a GenH2 Cryostat CS500 simulation test platform to test & develop super-insulation systems for LH2 storage & other cryogenic applications, including space."

► R12. Hydrogen Research Centres (57)

	12.1. AU - Australian Hydrogen Research Network (AHRN) A community of researchers and interested stakeholders supporting the emerging hydrogen industry in Australia. We foster excellence in hydrogen-related research through an ongoing program of seminars and knowledge-sharing activities.
	12.2. AU - Australian National University (ANU) Publications on aspects of the Hydrogen economy transition.
	12.3. AU - Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) The Knowledge Bank is an open-source library of reports, studies, multimedia and tools that provide guidance and learnings to benefit future renewable hydrogen energy projects.
	12.4. AU - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Publications from CSIRO on Hydrogen Fuel Cell research and development of renewable energy solutions. Hydrogen Knowledge Centre
	12.5. AU - Geoscience Australia / Monash University - Hydrogen Economic Fairways Tool (HEFT) HEFT was developed by Geoscience Australia in collaboration with Monash University & is based on an open-source economic model that maps the economic viability of H2 production opportunities across Australia.
	12.6. AU - Monash University - Monash Hydrogen Energy Research Node The Monash Hydrogen Energy Node aims to assemble skills and knowledge across the hydrogen value chain to tackle complex, systems-level challenges across technological, economical, socio-political and legal dimensions.
	12.7. AU - Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) Publications from the RMIT Sustainable Hydrogen Energy Laboratory (SHEL) that pioneers research and development on hydrogen energy solutions.
	12.8. AU - Swinburne Institute of Technology / Victorian Hydrogen Hub Led by Swinburne University of Technology in partnership with CSIRO and Germany’s ARENA2036 factory, the Victorian Hydrogen Hub (VH2) brings together researchers, industry partners and business to drive the implementation of the hydrogen economy.
	12.9. AU - University of NSW Hydrogen storage and battery technology groupResearch focuses on fabrication and storage optimization of a novel porous solid-state hydrogen storage material in fuel cell integrated systems to reduce the hydrogen storage pressure to only 10MPa, six times less than current market technology.
	12.10. CH - Frontiers Frontiers is the 3rd most-cited and 6th largest research publisher and open science platform. Our research journals are community-driven and peer-reviewed by editorial boards of more than 260,000 top researchers.
	12.11. CH - MDPI Hydrogen Journal MDPI has supported academic communities since 1996. Based in Basel, Switzerland, MDPI has the mission to foster open scientific exchange in all forms, across all disciplines.
	12.12. CN - Beijing Institute of Technology The Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) is actively researching and developing hydrogen technology, including hydrogen internal combustion engines and hydrogen fuel cell technology, with a focus on both military and civilian applications.
	12.13. CN - Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) DICP Chinese Academy of Sciences has established a long track record of major academic and industrial accomplishments in catalytic chemistry, chemical engineering, chemical lasers, molecular reaction dynamics, organic chemistry, modern analytical chemistry and biotechnology.
	12.14. DE - Hyfindr Publications on hydrogen system components, materials and other hydrogen related equipment.
	12.15. DE - Hydrogen Tech World Publications including an interesting mix of company profiles, in-depth technical articles, reports from major end users and projects in the hydrogen production industries.
	12.16. DE - Max Planck Institute The Max Planck Society is committed to contributing to a future worth living in, both through its research and its practical actions. It wants to be a role model for how research can be conducted responsibly, sustainably and in a climate-friendly manner.
	12.17. DE - Springer Nature Springer Nature works closely with a large global community of academic researchers and educators who, through their work, want to disseminate their ideas, solve problems and leave the world better than they found it.
	12.18. EU - European Space Agency (ESA) ESA is Europe’s gateway to space. Its mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world.
	12.19. EU - Hydrogen Europe Research Publications from the European scientific community involved in the development of a new, industrial ecosystem based on hydrogen and committed to moving towards a circular, carbon-neutral economy.
	12.20. EU - Joint Research Centre Publications Repository The JRC Publications Repository is the public access to all publications of the Joint Research Centre. It offers access to state-of-the-art science performed by the JRC to the wider scientific community, with full-text and open access. It is updated on a daily basis, including most recent outputs.
	12.21. FI - Aalto University H2 Innovation Center Hydrogen open source search on technical materials relating to hydrogen evolution, storage, distribution, and fuel cells.
	12.22. FR - The French National Research Network on Hydrogen Energy The French National Research Network on Hydrogen Energy (FRH2) brings together 30 laboratories with 300 well known researchers (CNRS researchers, faculty members and engineers) actively involved in the hydrogen sector.
	12.23. INT - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy A central vehicle for the exchange and dissemination of new ideas, technology developments and research results in the field of Hydrogen Energy between scientists and engineers throughout the world.
	12.24. JP - Advanced Industrial, Science and Technology, Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, Hydrogen Energy Carrier Team Developing technologies for storing and utilizing large amounts of renewable energy that will help solve several energy issues facing Japan.
	12.25. JP - Tokyo University of Science (TUS) The Mission of the Tokyo University of Science is to educate people who have the ability to contribute to society. Researchers from TUS have developed a novel hydrogen evolution catalyst, bis(diimino)palladium coordination nanosheets, that offers platinum-like efficiency at a fraction of the cost.
	12.26. KR - Korea Institute of Energy Research Future Energy Research Division conducts researches on H2 generation, storage, transportation, and utilization to realize a future energy society, focusing on the development of fuel cell technologies represented by generation, storage, and use of H2, an eco-friendly source of energy with economic benefits obtained by coal fuels and water.
	12.27. NL - ScienceDirect From foundational science to new and novel research, discover our large collection of Physical Sciences and Engineering publications, covering a range of disciplines, from the theoretical to the applied.
	12.28. NL - ScienceDirect Journal of Green Technologies and Sustainability This Journal encourages and promotes interdisciplinary research and development to important technological and theoretical developments in greentech and sustainability issues.
	12.29. NL - TNO: Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research Overall aim is to develop and promote hydrogen technology with Dutch companies, cooperating parties including TNO have set clear goals in the HyScaling project. One of those goals is the need for electrolysers with better performance to produce green hydrogen.
	12.30. SE - Luleå University of Technology - Centre for Hydrogen Energy Systems Sweden (CH2ESS) CH2ESS is a research and knowledge initiative at Luleå University of Technology with a focus on hydrogen use in industrial processes and energy systems, in close collaboration with Swedish industry.
	12.31. SG - National University of Singapore - Centre for Hydrogen Innovations Research site focus promotes cutting-edge R&D advancements in H2 production, storage, and utilization; and fosters collaborations with industries, academia, and agencies to drive H2-based solutions.
	12.32. UK - Geological Society Publications - Lyell Collection Research site search "hydrogen" - the Lyell Collection represents one of the largest integrated collections of online Earth Science literature available.
	12.33. UK - Royal Sociaety of Chemistry RSC develop, recognise and celebrate professional capabilities. We bring people together to spark new ideas and new partnerships. Noting Hydrogen is an essential element for life. It is present in water and in almost all the molecules in living things.
	12.34. UK - The Major Projects Association - Knowledge Centre Renewable Hydrogen Energy: Applied Scientific and Engineering References - A set of recent, curated, renewable Hydrogen energy scientific and engineering references covering: H2 production via electromechanical and electrolysis methods; H2 production via solar and protonic ceramics; proton exchange membrane fuel cells; H2 storage as liquid or compressed gas and Type IV carbon fibre reinforced storage products. Industry area references are categorized under Automotive; Aviation; Defence; Marine; Rail; and Smelting and Steel. References to significant H2 Research Centers, and H2 market analyses are also included.
	12.35. UK - TheIET.ORG The Institution of Engineering and Technology Wiley - Search "hydrogen" => research developments -> we inspire, inform and influence the global engineering and technology community to engineer a better world.
	12.36. UK - Science X / PHYS.ORG Search "hydrogen + energy" => Daily science news on research developments, technological breakthroughs and the latest scientific innovations.
	12.37. UK - University of Cambridge The University of Cambridge, are developing low-cost light-harvesting semiconductors that power devices for converting water into clean hydrogen fuel.
	12.38. US - American Chemical Society (ACS) pubs.acs.org ACS Publications’ commitment to publishing high-quality content continues to attract impactful research that addresses the world’s most important challenges.
	12.39. US - Cell Press We innovate to enhance discoverability, put research in context, and make it more actionable. Global visibility ensures that important research is read, used, and talked about. Engagement in the community and advocacy supports the value of science.
	12.40. US - Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) DTIC's mission is " to ensure the innovation and knowledge stemming from DoD’s past and current investment in science and technology forms the building blocks for the next generation of discovery and accelerates capability to the warfighter.
	12.41. US - University of Cornwell: ArXiv ArXiv is a free distribution service and an open-access archive for nearly 2.4 million scholarly articles in the fields of physics, mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology, quantitative finance, statistics, electrical engineering and systems science, and economics.
	12.42. US - IEEE ieee.org IEEE is the world’s largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.
	12.43. US - Mendeley.com Search "hydrogen + energy" => Year/Document Type/Journal/Author/Access Type/Most relevant/Most recent/Most cited science articles on research developments, technological breakthroughs and the latest scientific innovations.
	12.44. US - MIT HyTEC The research capabilities at HyTEC range from a wide variety of experimental and modeling areas associated with hydrogen. We have partnered with world-leading industries and organizations to advance the science and develop new technologies necessary to improve efficiency, reduce cost, and improve the safety of hydrogen production, liquefaction, storage and transportation.
	12.45. US - Nature.com Search "hydrogen + evolution + reaction + HER" for wide variety of journal articles on researched developments, technological breakthroughs and latest innovations.
	12.46. US - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) NREL's research accelerates development, integration, and scale up of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies to enable widespread deployment across multiple energy sectors.
	12.47. US - Naval Postgraduate School Energy Academic Group (EAG) Energy Academic Group maintains the Naval Postgraduate School as a Navy center of excellence for energy graduate education and research. Our efforts focus on solving the Navy, Marine Corps, and Department of Defense’s most critical energy problems through graduate education and research. To that end, EAG employs a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach using the basic sciences, engineering, operations and analysis, and business methods.
	12.48. US - NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) NTRS provides access to NASA metadata records, full-text online documents, images, and videos. The types of information included are conference papers, journal articles, meeting papers, patents, research reports, images, movies, and technical videos – scientific and technical information created or funded by NASA.
	12.49. US - Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Technical information about hydrogen published in technical reports, conference proceedings, journal articles, and websites is provided, across categories: General, Production, Delivery, and Storage.
	12.50. US - Proceedings of the National Academv of Sciences, PNAS PNAS is one of the world's most-cited and comprehensive multidisciplinary scientific journals, publishing more than 3,500 research papers annually.
	12.51. US - Sandia National Laboratories, SNL Sandia National Laboratories is operated and managed by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc.
	12.52. US - University of Michigan - MI Hydrogen A joint venture by the Office of the Vice President for Research, Michigan Engineering and the School for Environment and Sustainability.
	12.53. US - University of South Carolina College of Engineering and Computing Publications includes a number of specific areas of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells research related to fundamental knowledge, technical applications, and integrated systems.
	12.54. US - Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) SwRI develops applied R&D solutions with hydrogen technology used in rockets, alternative combustion, fuel cells, energy storage, and industrial processing plants.
	12.55. US - University of Maryland (UMD) Faculty at UMD are engaged in many aspects of fuel cell R&D including: Microbial fuel cells - a bio-electrochemical system that uses bacteria as the catalyst to oxidize organic and inorganic matter, and consequently, generate electric current. Applications include power generation systems, bio-recovery, & waste-water treatment. Polymer electrolyte membrane Fuel Cells - deliver high power density and offer the advantages of low weight and volume compared with other fuel cells. PEM fuel cells use a solid polymer as an electrolyte and porous carbon electrodes containing a platinum or platinum alloy catalyst. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells - use a hard, non-porous ceramic compound as the electrolyte. SOFCs operate at very high temperatures which removes the need for precious-metal catalyst, thereby reducing cost.
	12.56. US - University of Texas (UT) Feautured publications and White Papers on Blue Hydrogen, Green H2 economy, H2 infrastructure, and achieving NET ZERO by 2050.
	12.57. US - Wiley Advanced The Advanced Portfolio from Wiley is a family of globally respected, high-impact journals that disseminates the best science from well-established and emerging researchers so they can fulfill their mission and maximize the reach of their scientific discoveries.

HYDROGEN ENERGY RESEARCH
Produced by Robert Cole Basford

H₂ Energy Research

2025-08-31

Production R1.1 - R5.1

Applied Engineering R6.1 - R11.1

Latest R1 - R12: 277 URLs

	R1. PROD: Alkaline / AEM / PEM Electrolysis (1/20)
	1.1. 27 Aug 2025, Elsevier Electrochimica Acta, Multiphysics simulations of alkaline water electrolyzer cells — A sensitivity study on the effect of two-phase flow modelingm,


	R2. PROD: Bio / Pyrolysis / Radiolysis / Solar (1/20)
	2.1. 27 Aug 2025, Wiley Advanced Materials, Anchoring Redox Mediator on COFs for Efficient Solar to Hydrogen Conversion,


	R3. PROD: Geologic / Natural Hydrogen (1/20)
	3.1. 25 Aug 2025, ArXiv Cornell University, Core-mantle partitioning and the bulk Earth abundances of hydrogen and carbon: Implications for their origins,


	R4. FUEL CELL: AEMFC / PEM / MCFC / SOFC (1/20)
	4.1. 27 Aug 2025, Elsevier Electrochimica Acta, Electrochemical assessment of contact pressure effects on durability of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells under dynamic operation,


	R5. STORE: Type IV-V / MH / LH2 / LOHC / Geo (1/20)
	5.1. 29 Aug 2025, MDPI, Numerical Simulations of Large-Amplitude Acoustic Oscillations in Cryogenic Hydrogen at Pipe Exit,

	R6. APP: Automotive / Rail Industry (1/20)
	6.1. 23 Aug 2025, Elsevier International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Potential of ammonia as H2 carrier for dual-fuel combustion in CI engines,


	R7. APP: Aviation / UAS Industry (1/20)
	7.1. 18 Aug 2025, Elsevier Applied Thermal Engineering, Novel two-phase based cooling systems for fuel cell electric aircraft


	R8. APP: Defence / Military Industry (1/20)
	8.1. 09 Aug 2025, Elsevier Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Drone endurance in hydrogen fuel cell hybrid technologies: Power architectures and design strategies


	R9. APP: Marine / Maritime Industry (1/20)
	9.1. 21 Aug 2025, Elsevier Energy, A novel waterborne Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-based cogeneration system with realistic heat management


	R10. APP: Sustainable Metallurgy Industry (1/20)
	10.1. 30 Aug 2025, Elsevier Corrosion Science, H2 Permeation into Duplex Steel Under Compressive and Tensile Stresses: Symmetric Lattice Swelling and Asymmetric Stress Redistribution


	R11. APP: Space Industry (1/20)
	11.1. 18 Aug 2025, Nature Chemistry, Magnetically induced convection enhances water electrolysis in microgravity

H2 Energy Research2025-08-31

Production R1.1 - R5.1

Applied Engineering R6.1 - R11.1

Latest R1 - R12: 277 URLs

H₂ Energy Research

2025-08-31